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Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated or unsaturated molecules in which three or more carbon atoms are joined to form a ring structure. The saturated compounds are called cycloalkanes, cycloparaffins, or naphthenes. The cyclic hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds are called cycloalkenes or cyclo-olefins. Cyclohexane is the only alicyclic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, and certain synthetic rubbers, and as an extractant of essential oils in the perfume industry. However, most of the cyclohexane produced is used in the manufacturing of nylon. Cyclo-hexene is used in the manufacture of adipic, maleic, and cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Methylcyclohexane is used as a solvent for cellulose ethers and in the production of organic synthetics.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated or unsaturated molecules in which three or more carbon atoms are joined to form a ring structure. The saturated compounds are called cycloalkanes, cycloparaffins, or naphthenes. The cyclic hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds are called cycloalkenes or cyclo-olefins. Cyclohexane is the only alicyclic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, and certain synthetic rubbers, and as an extractant of essential oils in the perfume industry. However, most of the cyclohexane produced is used in the manufacture of nylon. Cyclohexene is used in the manufacture of adipic, maleic, and cyclohexane carboxylic acids. Methylcyclohexane is used as a solvent for cellulose ethers and in the production of organic synthetics.
Synthesis, characterization, and ethylene oligomerization with star iminopyridine nickel(II) complexes
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Na Zhang, Yuying Li, Liduo Chen, Cuiqin Li, Guoliang Mao, Jun Wang
Considering the role of solvent in determining the catalytic properties in ethylene oligomerization reaction, the catalytic behavior for C1 was investigated with toluene, methylcyclohexane, and cyclohexane as solvent and the results are listed in Table 2. All the catalytic systems exhibited modest catalytic activity toward ethylene oligomerization. The activity decreased in order toluene > methylcyclohexane > cyclohexane. The lower catalytic activity in methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane was mainly attributed to the poor solubility of the nickel catalyst, so that only part of C1 can be activated to form active nickel species. The solvent not only had a significant influence on catalytic activity, but also had a great influence on the product selectivity. The content of higher carbon olefins was the highest when toluene was used as solvent. However, the content of higher carbon olefins was the lowest when cyclohexane was used as solvent.
Selective ethylene oligomerization bearing hyperbranched bispyridylamine chromium catalyst
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Jun Wang, Jinyi Liu, Tianyu Lan, Liduo Chen, Libo Wang
Considering the effect of solvent on catalytic activity and product selectivity, we have studied the catalytic behavior for the catalytic systems of hyperbranched NNN/Cr(III)/MAO with toluene, methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane as the solvents. The final results are listed in Table 1. Compared with methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane under the same reaction conditions, higher activity was observed in toluene. This may due to the greater polarity of toluene and the poor solubility of the chromium complexes in methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane. Solvent also had a significant influence on the product selectivity. Toluene as the solvent had the highest selectivity for C6 and C8; the oligomers were mainly C4 using other solvents. So toluene was chosen as the solvent.
Simulation-driven formulation of transportation fuel surrogates
Published in Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2018
Krithika Narayanaswamy, Perrine Pepiot
This is illustrated further in the Supplementary materials by considering jet fuel surrogates made of n-dodecane, toluene and methylcyclohexane. Different optimal surrogate compositions are identified based on the presented approach using the kinetic mechanism described above [18] and jetSurF [35], depending on the predictive capabilities of the respective kinetic model. is found to lie outside of the range of TSIs specified for jet fuel.