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Literature review
Published in Tejaswini Eregowda, Anaerobic treatment and resource recovery from methanol rich waste gases and wastewaters, 2019
The bioconversion of methane to methanol is associated with low energy consumption, high conversion, high selectivity, and low capital costs compared with chemical methods since it is carried out by the methane monooxygenase (MMO) enzyme under mild conditions (Conrado and Gonzalez, 2014). Methanotrophs use MMO to convert methane to methanol, which is further converted to formaldehyde by the enzyme methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) and further to cell biomass through the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycle or oxidised to formate and CO2 for biosynthesis. Thus, for successful production and accumulation of methanol, suitable inhibitors for MDH are required. Specific and non-specific inhibitors like cyclopropanol, EDTA and high concentrations of sodium chloride and phosphates can be applied for the inhibition of MDH and other enzymes or co-factors in the electron transport chain (Hur et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2010).
Methane Monooxygenases
Published in Ram Chandra, R.C. Sobti, Microbes for Sustainable Development and Bioremediation, 2019
Dipayan Samanta, Tanvi Govil, David R. Salem, Lee R. Krumholz, Robin Gerlach, Venkata Gadhamshetty, Rajesh K. Sani
The oxidation of methane to methanol by MMO is the first step in the methane oxidation pathway. The first product (methanol) is further oxidized to formaldehyde by methanol dehydrogenase. The formaldehyde is oxidized to formic acid by formate dehydrogenases. The assimilation of formaldehyde takes place via the serine pathway or the ribulose monophosphate (RUMP) pathway, where it gets converted into biomass (assimilatory pathway) or carbon dioxide (dissimilatory pathway). The pathway is dependent on the type of Proteobacteria, whether it is γ-Proteobacteria (type I/X; RUMP pathway) or α-Proteobacteria (type II; serine pathway) (Zehnder and Brock, 1979).
Alcohol Fuels
Published in M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti, Biofuels Production and Processing Technology, 2017
Elia Tomás-Pejó, Antonio D. Moreno, M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti
Since methanol, formaldehyde, and formate are intermediate metabolites of the methane oxidation, methanol production requires inhibition of downstream metabolism. A common strategy for methanol accumulation is the inhibition of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of methanol into formaldehyde.
Microbial induced calcite precipitation for self-healing of concrete: a review
Published in Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 2023
Rishav Garg, Rajni Garg, Nnabuk Okon Eddy
The subsequent enzymatic processes convert methanol to formaldehyde, formate and ultimately to carbon dioxide in presence of methanol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase (Equations (5)–(7)).