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Smart Grid Technologies
Published in Clark W. Gellings, Smart Grid Planning and Implementation, 2020
For the first generation of PEVs, the technology options for integrating PEVs with the Smart Grid will reside off-board, in the form of the closed, proprietary networks of charging station operators such as Coulomb Technologies, ECOtality, and Silver Spring Networks. Whereas significant public funding to the tune of $300M through stimulus awards from federal government and state and local authorities has been directed towards focused regional charging infrastructure build-out, the focus has been on enabling PEV technology adoption in early adopter markets, rather than on scalability and cost competitiveness of these technologies longer term. EPRI’s collaborative research with the automotive industry indicates that for PEVs to be widely deployed, the infrastructure overhead for them would need to get down to minimal to none, with each PEV carrying its own required technology on-board that can connect to the nearest Smart Grid node, using either AMI/HAN to connect to the Smart Grid through the “front-end” or the on-board Telematics-based technology to connect through the “back end” to the utility back office systems and meter data management systems through standardized server to server communications.
Cost–benefit analyses of smart meters in European countries
Published in Jacopo Torriti, Appraising the Economics of Smart Meters, 2020
The CBA focuses on costs and benefits for the Electricity Supply Board (ESB), which historically acted as and now operates as a commercial semi-state organisation in a liberalised and competitive market. With regard to smart meters, ESB assumes a significant responsibility for the roll-out as well as for their management (extending to data flows and storage) once implementation has taken place. The CBA identifies significant associated capital costs beyond the costs of the SMs and IHDs. These are in terms of programme management (i.e. the costs which ESB will incur for the management of the full national roll-out of the programme, including procurement); head end system (i.e. the software needed to ensure a two-way communication between the smart meter and the ESBN meter data management system); meter data management system (i.e. the system needed for the storage, management and distribution of consumption data from the smart meters); backend enhancement (i.e. the current system used by ESBN for meter management); deployment and materials management; investment in systems to ensure an effective management of the programme of smart meter roll-out; and IT security (i.e. investment required in new applications to ensure that smart meter data is secure at all points of transit and processing). In addition, the CBA points to operating costs for ESBN associated with smart-metering implementation, consisting of mobile operator charges (i.e. charges for ongoing communication between smart meters and the meter data management system of the ESBN); telecoms operation and maintenance (i.e. the costs associated with operating and maintaining the telecoms infrastructure required to support smart meter to meter data management system communications); head end and meter data management system annual management and enhancement (i.e. the annual costs associated with the operation and maintenance of these systems, as well as their occasional enhancement); Network Operations Centre (i.e. the costs of the team charged with ensuring that smart meter business processes are fit-for-purpose); data storage costs (i.e. the costs of storing the data from the smart meters as they are rolled out); replacement of faulty meters (i.e. the costs associated with the replacement of faulty smart meters); IHD-related costs (i.e. back-office and customer costs during the planning and roll-out phases, communication costs during the two-year management period and faulty IHD replacement).
The key modules involved in the evolution of an effective instrumentation and communication network in smart grids: a review
Published in Smart Science, 2023
AMI essentially consists of smart meters, two-way communication link, and an intelligent mechanism for processing [35]. The information collected in the initial level will be sent to a common entity which is known as the meter data management system. There are various meter data management systems (MDMS), which can process the data obtained from smart meters, with the capability of bidirectional communication [36]. Transformation from the ordinary conventional energy meters to smart meters is depicted in Figure 3 [37]. Here, the smart meter depicts the intelligent meters which are part of the smart grid. The figure shows a gradual development in metering from the ordinary meters to smart meters. From the ordinary conventional meters first, it evolved into automatic meter reading (AMR); a smart meter is built with the help of AMI and intelligent controllers, and the conventional energy meters were used to record the consumption of electricity. It gradually developed into automatic meter reading (AMR) where the data will be sent to a central control station via telecommunication links. As the scope of renewable energy utilization came into existence, the new technology AMI came which makes the two-way communication possible and with the help of intelligent devices more of distributed control was available.