China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Emerging Role of Exosome Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Mahlegha Ghavami, Saeed Khalili, Seyed Morteza Naghib
The therapeutic efficiency of MSC-EVs is hampered by their quick elimination after systemic administration. A hydrogel slow-released system was developed to prolong the EVs retention and maintain their stability. A designed matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) sensitive self-assembling peptide (KMP2) hydrogel loaded EVs was exploited to deliver locally in mice with renal IRI. The MSC-EVs-loaded KMP2 hydrogel exerted cell apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis effects due to its biologically compatible and nanosize characteristics. These properties promote the microvascular endothelial cell regeneration after IRI (Zhou et al. 2019). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc end peptidases that act on the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in tissue remodelling (Kunugi et al. 2011). MMP-cleavable peptides have been applied in the production of MMP-degradable biomaterial for drug release and tissue repair (Wang et al. 2018b).
Resveratrol-Loaded Phytomedicines for Management of Cancer
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Shakir Saleem, Ruqaiyah Khan, Sandeep Arora
Progression of tumor implies the growth in size and increase in a number of cells in the tumor. This progression implicates various processes such as that lead to tumor metastasis. It has been seen that several genes are mutated or deleted physiologically that sustain the development of aggressive tumors. The invasion of healthy cells and metastasis of cancerous cells include the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the basement membrane, by proteolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Out of all these enzymes, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are highly expressed within different types of malignant tumors modifying the cellular invasion and its metastatic properties (Nelson et al., 2000). Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase proteins (TIMPs), on the other hand, are a protein group comprising TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 acting as natural MMP inhibitors (Jinga et al., 2006). Invasive tumors require new blood vessels which are fulfilled via angiogenesis. During the process of angiogenesis, endo-thelial cells can be activated by several growth factors, like fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and VEGF. Obstructing the development of newly formed blood vessels causes the supply of nutrients and oxygen to be reduced and, as a result, the size of the tumor and metastasis may also be reduced (see Table 12.3).
Anti-Cancer and Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Nano-Diamino-Tetrac, A Thyroid Hormone Derivative
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Paul J. Davis, Shaker A. Mousa
Nanotetrac downregulates expression of 8 of 9 cyclin genes and one cyclin-dependent kinase gene [18] and more than 20 oncogenes. Thus, the agent acts at multiple points of vulnerability in the cancer cell. It promotes apoptosis, antagonizes anti-apoptotic (survival) defenses, disrupts control of the cell cycle, and interferes with function of the frequently mutated catenins [7, 18, 22]. As noted above in the review of angiogenesis, thyroid hormone and tetrac or its Nanotetrac formulation affect matrix metalloproteinase gene expression. T4 induces transcription of MMP-9 in myeloma cells [53] and tetrac prevents expression of this gene in response to thyroid hormone. The importance of this is that an intact metalloproteinase axis interferes with cell-cell interaction, resulting in tissue destabilization that supports cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis [76]. We would also note that thyroid hormone (T4) has protein trafficking action on integrin αvβ3, directing internalization of the membrane protein—without the hormone ligand—and nuclear uptake of the αv monomer, but not of β3. In the nuclear compartment, αv is a co-activator protein [73]. Among the cancer-relevant genes whose transcription is affected by this action of T4 is ERα, important to breast, ovarian, and certain lung cancers. The thyroid hormone-directed αv monomer also increases transcription of the HIF1α gene. HIF-1α protein is a cell survival factor that triggers angiogenesis and cellular conversion to anaerobic metabolism [77].
Chemical profile, in vitro pharmacological activity and Satureja cuneifolia Ten. evaluation of essential oil based on distillation time
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Gülsüm Yıldız, Selen İlgün, Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak, Yavuz Bülent Köse, Fatih Göger, Halide Edip Temel, Betül Demirci
Expression and functions changes of lipoxygenases (LOX) and their pro-inflammatory products played a role in the formation various cancers and in vascular, myocardial, peritoneal, liver, and urological disorders, and in inflammatory diseases such as Crohns’ disease (Laczko and Csiszar 2020). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have an important role regulating the biological processes such as trophoblast implantation, embryogenesis, bone growth, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Because of MMPs’s multifunction, they are determinant in the formation of many different pathophysiological disorders including inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, arthritis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer (prostate, osteosarcoma, colorectal) (Tokuhara et al. 2019; Geervliet and Bansal, 2020). MMP-1 was detected in many tissues with both physiological and pathological remodeling. MMP-1 enzyme supports the re-epithelialization of wounds (Keskin et al. 2021). MMP-12 was mainly produced by macrophages and was associated with inflammatory skin diseases, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and cancers. MMP-12 also plays a role in inflammatory respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke (Abd-Elaziz et al. 2021).
Understanding the complex microenvironment in oral cancer: the contribution of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago over the last 100 years
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Alison Mary Rich, Haizal Mohd Hussaini, Benedict Seo, Rosnah Bt Zain
Interleukin 17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with both pro- and anti-tumour effects which has been shown to have increased expression in some cancers. Its pro-tumour effects are mediated by mechanisms including inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tumour cells and/or stimulating increased tumour angiogenesis. The anti-tumour effects of IL17 are exerted through increased Tc cells and IFNγ activity. Our studies showed significantly more IL17+ cells were present in the TME of OSCC than inflammatory controls (Avadhani 2015). Double-labelling immunofluorescence studies revealed that Th cells, Tc cells, macrophages and mast cells co-expressed IL17 (Avadhani et al. 2017). Using an extracellular matrix (ECM) cell invasion assay kit with invasion assay chambers we found that IL17 significantly promoted the in vitro invasion of OSCC cell lines (Avadhani 2015). These results are consistent with the observations in other cancers where IL17 was found to facilitate tumour progression e.g. breast cancer cell lines, cervical cancer cell lines (Cochaud et al. 2013; Punt et al. 2015).
Functional biomimetic nanoparticles for drug delivery and theranostic applications in cancer treatment
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2018
Lei Li, Junqing Wang, Hangru Kong, Yun Zeng, Gang Liu
The extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteolytic enzymes are usually overexpressed in many types of tumors and play an important role in invasion and metastasis of cancer. MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been investigated as a trigger to chemically modulate the drug delivery from the carriers. Mallik et al. [130] developed the nanovesicles, which are responsive to overexpression of glutathione (GSH) and MMP-9 in the tumor microenvironment to deliver the anticancer drug gemcitabine (Gem) efficiently and selectively. Mallik et al. synthesized an MMP-9-cleavable, collagen mimetic lipopeptide which forms nanosized vesicles with the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (POPC), PEGylated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-snglycerosnglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipid (POPE-SS-PEG), and cholesteryl-hemisuccinate lipids as shown in Figure 9. In the tumor microenvironment, the increased glutathione reductively could remove the PEG groups, exposing the lipopeptides to MMP-9. The resultant destabilization of the lipid bilayer led to rapid release of encapsulated anticancer drug Gem. By using pancreatic cancer cell spheroids, internalization studies showed that the incorporated MMP-9-responsive lipopeptide triggers the drug release in the tumor’s extracellular matrix. Live animal imaging study confirmed the stability of the long-circulating nanovesicles. In vivo studies by employing a xenograft mouse model of human pancreatic cancer also confirmed the release of encapsulated gemcitabine in the tumor site and a reduction in tumor growth was observed in these nude mice.