China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Traditional and innovative methods for physical and chemical remediation of soil contaminated with organic contaminants
Published in Katalin Gruiz, Tamás Meggyes, Éva Fenyvesi, Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management – 4, 2019
É. Fenyvesi, K. Gruiz, E. Morillo, J. Villaverde
Mechanochemistry is the chemical and physicochemical transformation of substances during aggregation caused by mechanical energy. Mechanochemical remediation is a reactor-based technology used for soils contaminated with both organic and inorganic contaminants. Inorganic contaminants are simply immobilized (for details, see Chapter 8 in this volume), while in the case of organic contaminants the kinetic energy induced by balls breaks the bonds of contaminants through exothermic reactions (mechano-chemical destruction technology) (Figure 6.11). The dehalogenation by mechanochemical reaction (Birke et al., 2004) has several advantages over chemical dehalogenation technologies: Works at ambient conditions;Short reaction times;Both soil and slurry can be treated;No pretreatment is needed;Concentration of the halogenated contaminant can range from ppb to pure contaminant;Low energy, equipment, personal, and reagent costs.
Tribocorrosion
Published in Czesław Kajdas, Ken'ichi Hiratsuka, Tribocatalysis, Tribochemistry, and Tribocorrosion, 2018
Czeslaw Kajdas, Ken’ichi Hiratsuka, Feng Gao, Sukbae Joo, Hong Liang
Tribochemistry defined as the heterogeneous chemical reaction process initiated either by friction of solids and/or by any other mechanical energy input, well corresponds also to tribocorrosion. By and large chemical reactions initiated by friction processes relate to tribochemistry that can be defined as “a branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical changes of solids due to the influence of mechanical activation” [22]. The same reference book defines mechanochemistry as “a branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical and physicochemical changes of substances of all aggregation states due to the influence of mechanical energy.”
Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Green-Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles
Published in Peerawatt Nunthavarawong, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, Mathew Thoppil-Mathew, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Materials, 2022
Lakshmanan Muthulakshmi, Velmurugan Sundarapandian, D. Nagapriyadarshini, Jamespandi Annaraj, M. T. Mathew, H. Nellaiah
Mechanochemical process is a solvent-free system for the preparation of metal nanoparticles. Mechanochemistry is the means of playing out a substance from reaction by applying mechanical forces. Since mechanochemical methods cause no harm to the environment, they are of noteworthy interest in present-day science. Mechanochemical method has been efficiently used for the quick synthesis of AgNPs. Using liquid-assisted grinding (LAG), it was possible to obtain 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymers from the same reaction mix. This technique was applied further for the combination of some zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [24].
Reactivity trends for mechanochemical reductive coupling of aryl iodides
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Courtney Carson, Joshua Hassing, Trinity Olguin, Karl P. Peterson, Rebecca A. Haley
Though scientists have conducted chemical reactions by mechanical means as early as the 1800s, mechanochemistry has been intensely studied for organic reactions only since the early 2000s (1). Part of the reason for this increased interest in mechanochemistry for organic synthesis is due to the method’s potential to reduce waste. Mechanochemical reactions do not necessarily require solvent and when they do, the amount of solvent added can be minimal (2). With this amplified attention on mechanochemistry for sustainability, research has progressed so that mechanochemistry can even be used to demonstrate the other twelve principles of green chemistry (3). Another reason for mechanochemistry’s popularity is that this activation technique has been shown to offer different reactivity, and therefore different product outcomes, than other methods (4). Consequently, a plethora of organic reactions have been shown to be successful by mechanochemical activation (5). One such area of organic synthesis that has been studied extensively under mechanochemical conditions is nucleophilic coupling (6).
A sequential multistep process for the fully mechanochemical, one-pot synthesis of the antiepileptic drug rufinamide
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2022
Jorge Gómez-Carpintero, Clara Cabrero, Juan Domingo Sánchez, Juan Francisco González, José Carlos Menéndez
Mechanochemistry has emerged in recent times as a versatile approach for the synthesis of organic compounds, offering benefits such as the reduction or avoidance of solvents as reaction media and short reaction times. While reactive milling of solids is a highly promising technology that will play a relevant role in the synthesis of small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for the pharmaceutical industry, few examples of drug synthesis carried out completely in a ball mill have been reported (12, 13). In comparison with classical solution-based methods, mechanochemistry provides better opportunities for ‘benign by design' chemistry by allowing the design of overall sustainable processes while simplifying the experimental set-up and procedures.
[3 + 2] Cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides generated in situ from aldoximes with alkenes and alkynes under ball-milling conditions
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2022
Run-Kai Fang, Zheng-Chun Yin, Jun-Shen Chen, Guan-Wu Wang
As a consequence of the huge potential applications in environmental protection and waste reduction, mechanochemistry has continued to capture the interest of chemists worldwide (1–8). The ball-milling technique as an attractive and efficient mechanochemical methodology has advantages in increasing reaction yields, shortening reaction time and improving reaction selectivity. In addition, the mechanochemical protocols are suitable for substrates with poor solubility and can even alter the chemical selectivity, providing products which are difficult or impossible to access in the liquid-phase reactions (9–14). Therefore, the ball-milling technique has been extensively utilized in organic synthesis (15–19).