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Lithium-Based Battery Systems
Published in Muhammad Asif, Handbook of Energy Transitions, 2023
C. M. Costa, J. C. Barbosa, R. Gonçalves, S. Ferdov, S. Lanceros-Mendez
Different lithium-ion battery types have been introduced, where each type has advantages and disadvantages, as indicated in Table 11.1. The most used type is the lithium-polymer battery, taking into account that its specific practical capacity approaches the theoretical capacity when compared to other battery types.
Application of Drones with Variable Area Nozzles for Effective Smart Farming Activities
Published in Saravanan Krishnan, J Bruce Ralphin Rose, N R Rajalakshmi, Narayanan Prasanth, Cloud IoT Systems for Smart Agricultural Engineering, 2022
J. Bruce Ralphin Rose, V. Saravana Kumar, V.T. Gopinathan
A lithium polymer battery or lithium-ion polymer battery is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte (Figure 11.5(e)). Based on the power-to-weight (P/W) ratio to be produced, range, and endurance of the drones, a specific type of battery with maximum C-rating should be selected for the sprayer drones [19]. The autonomy of the drones increases with the addition of batteries that helps to achieve rapid response during high power demands. Li-Po batteries are competent to deliver the Specific power of 2800 W/kg and the Energy density of 300 Wh/m2 to accomplish the given agriculture mission of UAVs. A block diagram of Quadcopter arrangement is shown (Figure 11.6) with all necessary components.
Intelligent Robotic Systems
Published in Kamal Kumar Sharma, Akhil Gupta, Bandana Sharma, Suman Lata Tripathi, Intelligent Communication and Automation Systems, 2021
Shivang Tyagi, Nthatisi Magaret Hlapisi
A lithium polymer battery is basically a lithium-molecule using a polymer electrolyte as opposed to a liquid electrolyte. High-conductivity semisolid polymers structure this electrolyte. We use 3300+ mAh to provide a sufficient power supply to devices.
A backstepping disturbance observer control for multirotor UAVs: theory and experiment
Published in International Journal of Control, 2022
Amir Moeini, Alan F. Lynch, Qing Zhao
The ANCL-Q3 quadrotor is shown in Figure 2 which consists of a 3D Robotics quadrotor do-it-yourself (DIY) frame in a cross configuration equipped with a Pixhawk 1 flight controller which has a 180 MHz ARM CPU, two 3D accelerometers, two 3D gyroscopes, a 3D magnetometer, and a pressure sensor (Meier et al., 2012). ANCL-Q3 includes a 2.4 GHz LairdTech transceiver connected to the Pixhawk to receive data from the MCS. The Pixhawk is also connected to a Spektrum satellite receiver which is paired to a Spektrum DX8 transmitter. The DX8 enables manual control and allows the operator to switch between different control modes. A RN-XV WiFly Module is used to connect the PX4 to the local network via WiFi. ANCL-Q3 is powered by a 12 V, 3 cell, 5000 mAh lithium polymer battery (LiPo). This provides a flight time of about 10 minutes. The Pixhawk outputs a PWM signal to Afro 30 A ESCs which are connected to Turnigy 1100 KV Brushless Outrunner Motors. The diameters of the APC propellers are 11. The Pixhawk logs data onto its SD card. The mass of the quadrotor is 1.6 kg including the battery. The quadrotor is designed such that it hovers at approximately 50% of its maximum thrust. This ensures enough thrust is available when aggressive manoeuvres are required. Table 1 lists model parameters in (2) and (1).
Investigating the effect of digitally augmented toys on young children’s social pretend play
Published in Digital Creativity, 2019
Jiwoo Hong, Donghyeon Ko, Woohun Lee
The final toy prototype was developed by stacking laser-cut white acrylic plates (5 mm thick). Acrylic materials can prevent the breakdown of the inner circuit due to careless use by young children and are suitable for showing projected visual augmentation. The plywood table was made in a square with a large rounded edge (30-cm high). The augmentation in the system was implemented by a wireless and wired connection between a PC and the table with toys. For triggering augmentation through sensors, we embedded a push button in each toy and three different radio frequency identification (RFID) tag readers under the cut-outs. Arduino Micro in each toy and Arduino Uno under the table were also implemented as the control boards. Bluetooth Mate (RN41/RN42) wired to Arduino Micro enabled wireless input by pushing a button on the toy (Figure 3). An RFID tag attached inside of each toy supported another trigger action by inserting the toy in the table’s cut-out. A wired 3.7 V lithium polymer battery was used to power the board. The whole system was integrated to generate audiovisual stimuli on the Processing application of the PC per children’s system manipulation.
Applications of IoT Lab Kit in Educational Sector
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2019
N. M. Shweta, V. Tulasi Dwarakanath, K. Nanda, S. Saha, V. P. Singh, P. Hari Babu, B. S. Bindhumadhava, G. L. Ganga Prasad
The SOC (System on Chip) for BLE applications belongs to ARM Cortes M0 series. The device has a dedicated expansion header for UbiSense. The device can be programmed by JTAG (Joint Test Action Group). It also has Rechargeable Li-Po (Lithium Polymer) battery which can be used for remote deployment. BLE Mote is embedded with 256 kB flash programme memory, 32 kB RAM, 1 × 32 bit Timer and 2 × 16 bit timers with counter mode, 8/9/10 bit ADC with eight configurable channels, Low power comparator and various Serial Communication Interfaces like SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmission), I2C (Inter Integrated Service). The device also supports External 8Mb Flash memory, 2.4 GHz (2.400–2.4835 GHz) ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) Band RF (Radio Frequency) Transceiver compliant to Bluetooth 4.0 LE (Low Energy), Programmable Transmit power of +4 dBm to −20 dBm (in 4 dB steps), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) Hardware Encryption Engine. Figure 3 shows the BLE Mote device.