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Published in Anthony Peter Gordon Shaw, Thermitic Thermodynamics, 2020
Smoke and residue are produced when molten lithium combusts in ordinary air [74]. Lithium oxide and hydroxide are the primary constituents of the aerosol, which may also contain lithium carbonate and peroxide. Lithium oxide, hydroxide, and nitride are the primary components of the solid combustion residue. Lithium nitride (Li3N) is formed when nitrogen oxidizes lithium metal. Nitrogen is a poor oxidizer, but molten lithium combusts in pure nitrogen nevertheless (equations 5.62 and 5.63). 6Li(s)+N2(g)→1.35Li3N(s)+1.94Li(l)+0.33N2(g)+0.01Li(g)(Ti=298K,Tad=1236K)6Li(s)+N2(g)→2Li3N(s)(ΔH°298=−54.9kJ/mol-Li,−329.1kJ/mol-N2)
Metal nitride-based nanostructures for electrochemical and photocatalytic hydrogen production
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Harpreet Singh Gujral, Gurwinder Singh, Arun V. Baskar, Xinwei Guan, Xun Geng, Abhay V. Kotkondawar, Sadhana Rayalu, Prashant Kumar, Ajay Karakoti, Ajayan Vinu
Molten salt route is one of the viable methods to generate porosity as well as reduce the overall length of the synthesis procedure. It has been very well demonstrated for the synthesis of porous carbon-based materials with zinc chloride being the most popular reagent for the purpose [179]. The molten salt route can be extended to synthesize porous MN as well. For example, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium nitrides with a reasonable high surface area can be synthesized from their respective chloride salts by activation with zinc chloride [180]. A mixture of individual metal chlorides, lithium nitride (Li3N), and zinc chloride in both hydrated and anhydrous forms was grounded into a solid mass and subjected to heating at a relatively low temperature of 290°C to obtain porous MNs (Figure 8b). This method is highly attractive in terms of avoiding the use of toxic ammonia for nitridation, quicker synthesis, avoiding oxygen in the final materials and most significantly a low temperature for the synthesis. It was proposed that the formation of porous MNs takes place through the deposition of metal and nitrogen on 3D Zinc oxide (ZnO) formed during the synthesis at 0.5 and 3 h intervals and the subsequent washing of ZnO with acid yields the crystalline porous MN as the final material (Figure 8c). The surface area of VN (156.8 m2 g−1), MoN (124.5 m2 g−1), WN (103.7 m2 g−1), and TiN (135.2 m2 g−1), their respective pore volumes (0.81, 0.52, 0.26, 0.89 cm3 g−1) and pore size in the range of large-sized mesopores and macropores suggest that the materials are porous and could be suitable for different applications.