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A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage Systems
Published in Krishan Arora, Suman Lata Tripathi, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Smart Electrical Grid System, 2023
A. Gayathri, V. Rukkumani, V. Manimegalai, P. Pandiyan
The most commonly used metal–air-based battery is the lithium–air battery, which is used in electric vehicles. Its specific energy is about 11.14 kWh/kg, without air. When compared to other battery types, the lithium–air battery has a greater energy capacity (more than 100 times) [50]. But one of the drawbacks of this battery is that it may be exposed to fire when the air is combined with humidity [44]. Other battery types, such as lithium–water and lithium–oxygen, are considered to be secondary batteries for ESS [51].
Recycling of Wastes Generated in Automobile Metal–Air Batteries
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
Weng Cheong Tan, Lip Huat Saw, Ming Chian Yew, Ming Kun Yew
Lithium–air batteries provide four different types of electrolytes in their structure. In general, they can be classified into aqueous, non-aqueous (aprotic), mixed (aprotic–aqueous), and solid-state electrolytes. In aqueous electrolytes, a lithium–air battery involves dissolving a lithium salt in water. In non-aqueous electrolytes, the lithium salt is dissolved in different solvents. Some common examples of lithium salt used in lithium–air batteries are LiPF6, LiSO3CF3, and LiAsF6, while some of the common solvents are carbonate, esters, and ethers. At last, solid-state electrolytes involve polymer ceramic or glass. In the lithium–air battery, carbon is the most common air cathode and different catalysts are added to the carbon for better electrochemical reaction. These catalysts include MnO2, Fe2O3, and CuO and improve the performance of the lithium–air battery. Similar to other types of metal–air batteries, the air cathode will be treated as waste since there is no proper recycling procedure available at the current stage.
Flexible Lithium-Air Batteries
Published in Ye Zhang, Lie Wang, Yang Zhao, Huisheng Peng, Flexible Batteries, 2022
Ye Zhang, Lie Wang, Yang Zhao, Huisheng Peng
As schematically shown in Figure 7.1, a typical lithium-air battery consists of a Li metal anode, a porous air cathode with oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic materials, and an aprotic electrolyte made of an aprotic solvent dissolved with a Li salt [1]. The general reaction steps of lithium-air batteries can be understood through the following equations 7.1–7.6:
New Gaussian solitary wave solutions in nanofibers
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2021
M. T. Darvishi, M. Najafi, Abdul-Majid Wazwaz
A fiber with a diameter of 100 nanometers or less is called a nanofiber. The properties of nanofibers have caused researchers and companies to consider using this material in several fields. Nanofibers have many possible technological and commercial applications. They are used in tissue engineering [1], drug delivery [2], cancer diagnosis [3], lithium-air battery [4], optical sensors [5] and air filtration [6]. Nanofibers for medical purposes can be spun from biodegradable polymers and allows various additives that bring intended functionality. They are used in medical applications, which include drug and gene delivery, capture individual cancer cells, artificial blood vessels, drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, artificial organs and medical facemasks (for more details see [1–3] and references therein).
Wearable electronic textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
David Tyler, Jane Wood, Tasneem Sabir, Chloe McDonnell, Abu Sadat Muhammad Sayem, Nick Whittaker
The research field is extensive, and there are many groups of active researchers. Different types of battery are being examined for their potential to power wearables. Chang et al. [174] report their work on lithium-sulfur batteries, which use copper- and nickel-coated carbon fabrics as current collectors. A textile-based lithium–air battery has been the subject of research by Xu et al. [175], who consider it has potential for a range of applications, including wearable technologies. A stretchable‐component sodium‐ion full battery based on graphene‐modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) sponge electrodes and an elastic gel membrane is reported by Li et al. [176]. All the published reports of textile battery research show potential, but commercialised products are not yet available.
Production of aligned electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers via parallel electrode method
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Halil İbrahim İçoğlu, Şirin Ceylan, Behzat Yıldırım, Mehmet Topalbekiroğlu, Ali Kılıç
Nanofibers can be used in various applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, lithium air battery, optical sensors and filtration applications due to high specific surface area, high porosity and other advantageous characteristics (De Vrieze et al., 2012; Min et al., 2004). Although various techniques can be used in the production of nanofibers, electrospinning technique is the most widely used one due to its simplicity, low-cost set-up, suitability for continuous nanofiber production etc. (Baumgarten, 1971; Formhals, 1934; Kepekçi et al., 2017).