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Fruit and Vegetable Waste An Economic Alternate to Costlier Raw Materials for Value Added Products
Published in Gunjan Mukherjee, Sunny Dhiman, Waste Management, 2023
Andrea Komesu, Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Poornima Pandey, Arindam Kuila, Carolina Ferreira Andrade Penteado, Eduardo Dellosso Penteado, Johnatt Allan Rocha de Oliveira
Extraction of essential oils from orange waste is another profitable alternative (Anagnostopoulou et al. 2006). One ton of orange waste typically contains 5.4 kg of oil, which is 90% D-limonene employed in the manufacture of food and medicines as a flavoring and antioxidant agent and has many applications in the pharmaceutical industry (anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect) (Raeissi et al. 2008, Mamma and Christakopoulos 2014). Other compounds might have some biological activity, such as limonoids and glucosides inhibit cancerous tumors (Rezzadori et al. 2012). There are a variety of extraction physics and chemical methods: distillation (steam, steam/ water and water), supercritical extraction, ultrasound, microwave, cold pressing/expression, dry distillation of natural materials (Rezzadori et al. 2012, Mamma and Christakopoulos 2014).
Azadirachta indica: Imperative Mini-Opinions on an Ethnopharmacological Savior
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Swati Gokul Talele, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Biologically Active Natural Products, 2020
Anshda Bhatnagar, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Active components in the form of many chemical compounds found in. leaves, barks, seeds, and seed oil decreases cancers and tumors very efficiently with producing absolutely no side effects. Compounds which are biologically very active (polysaccharides, terpenoids, steroids, and limonoids) have been profusely used for treating many types of cancer conditions. Different components of Neem restrict proliferation, Initiates apoptosis, other types of cell death, and decrease oxidative cellular stress. The expression of genes carrying out many cellular processes is adjusted to be altered in response to produce extracts of neem in carcinogen-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) model. Tumor in the microenvironment plays a highly important role in angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumor cells show the potential to regulate their local environment (or microenvironment), this triggers inflammation, induces angiogenesis, and supports cell invasion. Therefore, tumor micro-environment frisks significant roles in the initiation and further progression of tumors. Engrossingly, components of neem seem to modulate tumor microenvironment through multiple mechanisms including attenuation of angiogenesis and improved cytotoxicity.
Phytoconstituents from Neem with Multiple Activities
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Suman Chaudhary, Rupinder Kaur Kanwar, Teenu Sharma, Bhupinder Singh, Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
Neem oil is extracted predominantly from the seeds and contains maximum limonoids, including azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, cardenolide, nimbolide, and gedunin (Atawodi and Atawodi, 2009). Meliacin, a component of neem, is responsible for the bitter principle of neem seed oil. The limonoids are known to cause cancer cell specific cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that it could be a possible anticancer agent. However, the underlying mechanism involved in neem limonoid-mediated cell death is still undefined (Biswas et al., 2002). One study demonstrated this potential of neem oil, wherein the exposure of neem limonoids directly targeted the mitochondria, causing the release of pro-apoptotic proteins (cytochrome and apoptosis inducing factor) that induced caspase-dependent, as well as caspase-independent, apoptotic cell death, respectively. Additionally, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) accumulation in cancer cells was observed, suggesting that neem-induced cancer cell death may involve autophagy (Srivastava et al., 2012). However, no clinical trials have yet to be conducted using neem oil for cancer treatment; therefore further research is required to investigate the doses and duration of neem oil required for anticancer activities.
Horticultural crops as natural therapeutic plants for the therapy of diabetes mellitus
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Balikis Oluwakemi Mustapha, Olufemi Temitope Ademoyegun, Rabiat Shola Ahmed
Rutaceae is the family of flowering plant that includes citrus. Citrus is grown globally for its juice and fruits (especially oranges, mandarins, tangors, grapefruits, lemon and lime) and is a common foodstuff for the masses. With a global population of 50, 186, 28.5, 934 and 7209 million metric tons for orange, tangerine, mandarin, lemons and limes, respectively, as of 2016/2017, it is extensively cultivated in the subtropical parts of the world [5]. They contain a lot of nutrients including bioactive flavonoids, citric acid, minerals and vitamin C. Consuming citrus fruits has been attributed to a lower chance of developing chronic conditions including diabetes and cancer according to research [2]. Citrus fruits have an effect on insulin tolerance and glucose homeostasis, as shown by laboratory, animal and epidemiological research. Citrus paradisi (grapefruit): Lycopene and limonoids are two phytochemicals found in citrus paradisi. Moreover, it contains vitamins A, C, K, B5 and B9, iron, dietary fiber, calcium and other minerals [6]. The two types (pink and red) are high in ß-carotene, high in fiber and low in calories according to research. They have protective phytochemicals including bioflavonoids, terpenes and phenolic acid, among others. The major bioflavonoid in grapefruit is Naringin which has been reported for its anti-diabetic potential and is also responsible for the characteristic bitter taste in grapefruit.Citrus limonum (lemon) has shown to contain phytochemicals like cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins.