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Biofilms in Fermentation for the Production of Value-Added Products
Published in Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul, Microbial Biofilms, 2020
In a different approach, Liu et al. (2016) have used PCS-grid biofilm reactors of SFYBR (polypropylene (50%), soybean hulls (35%), soybean flour (5%), salt, yeast extract (5%), bovine albumin (2.5%) and bovine red blood cell (2.5%)) type selected out of five types of PCS in repeated-batch fermentations to produce kojic acid from Aspergillus oryzae. Kojic acid is a secondary metabolite and a lesser member of the organic acids produced in biorefineries but with strong metal chelating capacity as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor and is therefore applied widely in cosmetic and food industries. Nitrogen deficient medium was applied for higher productivity reaching 3.09 g/L/day, which was higher than the results from suspended-cell runs in batch fermentation. Aspergillus oryzae mycelium morphology changed under nitrogen starvation conditions where feather-like mycelia were observed with high RNA expression (kojA and kojT) and resulted in higher productivity. Under optimum conditions in the batch fermentations in the biofilm reactors, kojic acid concentrations reached 35.7 g/L (Liu et al., 2016).
Green preparation, characterization, evaluation of anti-melanogenesis effect and in vitro/in vivo safety profile of kojic acid hydrogel as skin lightener formulation
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Zahra Rezanejad Gatabi, Majid Saeedi, Katayoun Morteza-Semnani, Seyyed Mobin Rahimnia, Rezvan Yazdian-Robati, Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi
Tyrosinase is a major enzyme involved in melanogenesis in melanocytes. Tyrosinase suppression has a significant impact on the melanogenesis activity and melanin synthesis. Because some skin lighteners suppress melanin formation, they can be used as a treatment for hyperpigmentation. Kojic acid (KA) is a well-known anti-tyrosinase substance that is frequently utilized in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, melasma, and wrinkles [2].