China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Industrial Solvents Handbook, Revised And Expanded, 2003
Miscellaneous Uses - Acetone is an important chemical intermediate in the preparation of several oxygenated solvents including the ketones, diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, and isophorone. Self-condensation of two molecules of acetone yields the diacctone alcohol [(CH CfOHJCF CCOJCHJ, a molecule with both the alcoholic and ketone functional groups. Dehydration (splitting out of water) of diacetone alcohol yields the unsaturated ketone, mesityl oxide [(CH3)2C=CHC(O)CH,]. Hydrogenation of mesityl oxide yields the very useful ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone [(CH}):CHCH2C(O)CH3]. The cyclic condensation of three molecules of acetone yields the high boiling point solvent, isophorone. Other uses of acetone include the reaction of two molecules of phenol with acetone to form bisphenoI-A, which when condensed with epichlorohydrin forms an epoxy resin. Acetone will condense with a large number of organic compounds that contain an active hydrogen atom. Acetone is used in the manufacture of acetate rayon, photographic film, explosives, and is used as a solvent for absorbing acetylene gas for storage and shipment in gas cylinders. Methyl ethyl ketone is used in the production of smokeless powder, printing inks, degreasing and cleaning fluids, antioxidants, perfumes, and catalysts. Methyl isobutyl ketone is a solvent used in insecticides, fungicides, electroplating
New High-Heat Polycarbonates: Structure, Properties, and Applications
Published in Robert R. Luise, of High Temperature Polymers, 1997
Winfried G. Paul, Peter N. Bier
The same raw materials from which BPA is derived, phenol and acetone, are also essential to the synthesis of the new bisphenol. Condensation of acetone (3) yields isophorone (4), which, in itself, is an important industrial solvent with an annual consumption (1993) of larger than 150 million pounds. Isophorone can be selectively hydrogenated to produce 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1-one, or TMC-one (5). This intermediate is then condensed with phenol to produce a derivative which is appropriately called bisphenol TMC (6).
The use of fibre reinforced polymer composites for construction of structural supercapacitors: a review
Published in Advanced Composite Materials, 2023
Jayani Anurangi, Madhubhashitha Herath, Dona T.L. Galhena, Jayantha Epaarachchi
Nowadays, some researchers have used the prepreg filming process to fabricate SSCs [38,43]. The prepreg method, which is easily scaled up in industry, is increasingly popular among the research community as the way of realising high-performance SSCs. As discussed in Section 2.3, Qi and his team suggested the resin filming process to fabricate the structural supercapacitor via the sandwiching of two CAG loaded carbon fibre partial prepregs with the separator prepreg [43]. Ionic liquid-based structural electrolyte which contains bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) epoxy, isophorone diamine (IPDA) hardener, and ionic liquid (EMIMTFSI) was applied onto the inner face of the CAG–carbon fibre electrodes to form carbon fibre partial prepregs. An adjustable height film applicator was used to make the structural electrolyte films with the required thicknesses. The prepreg stack of carbon fibre/separator/carbon fibre was laid up for the curing process after copper adhesive strips were attached to the outer faces of the CAG–carbon fibre electrodes. In this way, the weight fraction of the structural electrolyte can be properly controlled, although minor differences can be observed between replicates. Therefore, nominally identical devices can be manufactured by this method, ensuring the repeatability of device fabrication.
Smart coating textiles for visible and infrared camouflage with photochromism and tunable emissivity
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Jiru Jia, Ya Yang, Xiaotian Chen, Xingqiang Fang, Zhenglong Xu, Hanqi Li, Yanran Zhan, Jie Chen
In a three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and reflux condenser, anhydrous acetone was added as the solvent, followed by adding isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polycarbonate (PCDL) in a certain ratio. The mixture was stirred at 200 rad min−1 under heating conditions for 2 h in the presence of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), to complete the prepolymerization process. Then methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) was dissolved in anhydrous acetone at a concentration of 1 mol L−1, and added drop by drop to the flask through a pressure-equalizing funnel to drive the chain expansion of the prepolymer, while adjusting the temperature and reaction time to obtain the polyurethane product. Finally, the prepared polyurethane was neutralized at 50 °C with stirring, where the molar amount of glacial acetic acid (HOAc) was the same as that of MDEA. IPDI and PCDL were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai) Co., Ltd and Nanjing Chemical Material Co., Ltd, respectively. DBTDL, MDEA, anhydrous acetone, and HOAc were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. During the reaction, the free isocyanate group content (−NCO%, mass fraction) was determined by dibutyl amine titration, and the calculation details are given in the next section.
Dual-encapsulated biodegradable 3D scaffold from liposome and waterborne polyurethane for local drug control release in breast cancer therapy
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Hang Yin, Bohong Du, Yue Chen, Nijia Song, Zhen Li, Jiehua Li, Feng Luo, Hong Tan
Waterborne polyurethane (PU) is a kind of common biomedical implant material, for its good biocompatibility, adjustable mechanical strength and degradation performance [27–30]. In our previous work, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and lysine were utilized to synthesize a kind of solvent-free biodegradable waterborne polyurethane emulsion, which is proved to be non-toxic to bladder smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts [31]. Based on this emulsion, three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffold was made, and its degradation rate can be controlled by adjusting the porosity [32]. The pore size and porosity can also be regulated through the solid content of waterborne polyurethane emulsion in freeze-drying; thus it could make different influence to immune cells during culturing [33]. Considering the similar-water solubility and freeze-dried characteristic between waterborne polyurethane and liposome, it arouses us an idea to blend them to prepare a dual-encapsulated 3D porous drug carrier scaffold.