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Powder Metallurgy
Published in Sherif D. El Wakil, Processes and Design for Manufacturing, 2019
Atomization is frequently used for producing powders from low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc, aluminum, and cadmium. Iron powder can also be produced by atomization. The process involves forcing a molten metal through a small orifice to yield a stream that is disintegrated by a jet of high-pressure fluid. When compressed gas is used as the atomizing medium, the resulting powder particles will be spherical. The reason is that complete solidification takes a relatively long period, during which surface tension forces have the chance to spheroidize the molten metal droplets. However, when water is used, the droplets solidify very quickly and have a ragged or irregular form. Figure 7.1 illustrates the atomization technique.
Combined effect of weak magnetic fields and anions on arsenite sequestration by zerovalent iron
Published in Yong-Guan Zhu, Huaming Guo, Prosun Bhattacharya, Jochen Bundschuh, Arslan Ahmad, Ravi Naidu, Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World, 2019
All chemicals employed in this study were of analytical grade and used as received. The sodium salts of the anions were used. The iron particles were obtained from the Shanghai Jinshan reduced iron powder factory(China), which had a mean diameter of 40µm and a BET surface area of 0.76 m2 g−1. All experiments were conducted using the ultrapure water (UP water) produced by a Milli-Q Reference water purification system.
Enhancement of biogas production process from biomass wastes using iron-based additives: types, impacts, and implications
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Samson Nnaemeka Ugwu, Christopher Chintua Enweremadu
Several iron powders have been deployed for the enhancement of anaerobic digestion processes, they are either of natural or synthetic sources. Mostly used iron powders are classified into iron powder (IP), iron oxide (magnetite (Fe3O4) and Hematite (Fe2O3)), zero-valent iron (ZVI), iron chlorides, trace iron, etc. (Agani et al. 2016; Feng et al. 2014; Meng et al. 2013; Suanon et al. 2017; Ye et al. 2018; Zhao et al. 2018). They occur naturally, synthesized and sold commercially. As reported in Suanon et al. (2017) and Agani et al. (2016), commercially available iron powder of purity more than 98%, 0.2 mm diameter and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 2.48 m2 g−1 were used. Hematite contents of red mud (by-product of alumina purification of bauxite ore) range between 7 wt% and 65 wt% were also used in Ye et al. (2015). Similarly, enhancement of anaerobic digestion process was undertaken by Ye et al. (2018) with red mud of 45.46% hematite content of primary particles ranging from 50 to 300 mm with a median particle diameter (D50) value of 123.2 ± 4.5 mm. The stimulatory role of trace iron supplementation in anaerobic digestion with iron chloride has also been studied (Kim et al. 2017; Schmidt et al. 2018), iron oxides (Zhang et al. 2013) and other trace iron (Jiang et al. 2018; Moestedt et al. 2016) as reported in previous studies were commercially purchased.
Influence of porosity and hBN content on the damping capacity of metal matrix composites
Published in Powder Metallurgy, 2020
G.A.R. Paz, B.H.A. Campos, P.H.G. Souza, G.O. Neves, C. Binder, A.N. Klein
Two groups of samples were produced for this work, one composed of pure sintered iron and the other of iron-matrix composites with dispersed hBN particles as the second phase. The iron powder used was the atomised unalloyed AHC 100.29 from Höganäs do Brasil Ltda, whose particles ranged from 20 to 200 µm and whose mean particle size was 100 µm. The hBN powder used was the AC-6028 from GE Advanced Ceramics, which is granulate of very thin platelets under 10 µm long, with an average particle size in the range of 100-–150 µm.
Recent developments in the application of microwave energy in process metallurgy at KUST
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2018
Ju Shaohua, Pritam Singh, Peng Jinhui, Aleksandar N. Nikoloski, Liu Chao, Guo Shenghui, R.P. Das, Zhang Libo
Mill scale is the flaky surface of hot rolled steel, and comprises iron oxides consisting of iron(II) oxide (FeO), iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), and iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4, magnetite). The conventional method to produce iron powder from mill scale is gaseous reduction at high temperature with carbon monoxide. This method has some disadvantages, such as a long reduction time, and because the product is compact and massive, it needs to be crushed and annealed before use.