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Nano-System as Therapeutic Means
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Ananya Ghosh, Aniruddha Mukherjee
The materials constituting the ultrafine particles are also accountable for toxicity studies. For instance, iron oxide nanoparticles have shown great potential as drug delivery vessels as well as imaging agents for diagnostic purposes. Iron oxide nanoparticles have exhibited low toxicity since they are biologically degraded to form iron ions, which is a vital trace element in humans. Another such element, which is present in scarce amounts in the human body, is silicon and intact silicon nanoparticles were found to be clearable by the reticuloendothelial system. However, if degraded to water-soluble silicic acid, the traces of porous silicon nanoparticles were quite noticeable even after 1 week of administration. Sophisticated regulation of particle size and its surface properties is vital since it is these properties that decide the pharmacokinetics, biodegradation, and clearance properties of these nanoparticles. Toxicity concern still and will remain a major hurdle on the way of clinical translation of nanoparticles. Extensive research work is demanded in the preclinical phases for determining the most suited method for the characterization and reduction of toxic effects of these ultrafine assemblies.
Nanovations in Neuromedicine for Shaping a Better Future
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Jyotirekha Das, G. K. Rajanikant
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely explored for different biomedical applications including drug targeting and imaging tools. A multimodal fluorescent-magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle tagged with rhodamine or congo red was able to detect Aβ40 fibrils, the main constituent of amyloid plaques in the AD (Skaat and Margel 2009). This approach promises an early diagnosis of the AD. During multiple sclerosis (MS), macrophage invasion occurs at an early stage. To study the pathophysiology of MS tracking, this macrophage invasion is essential. A group of workers has developed very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP) to detect the infiltration. These particles were able to detect the subtle infiltration of macrophages in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS (Tysiak et al. 2009).
Multi-Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Published in Surender Kumar Sharma, Nanohybrids in Environmental & Biomedical Applications, 2019
Balaprasad Ankamwar, Saee Gharpure, Aman Akash
The magnetic properties of nanoparticles have been exploited for the diagnosis as well as the treatment of cancer. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most widely used nanoparticles due to their attributed magnetic properties. These nanoparticles can undergo magnetization under the influence of an external magnetic field. These magnetized nanoparticles can then be driven to the site of the tumor within the body which can be externally controlled [52, 53]. There are various merits associated with magnetic targeting of these nanoparticles. There are no side effects associated with their use. Also, these nanoparticles are required at very low doses. If the associated NHs have been positioned at a local site, it avoids direct contact with the RES, which is one of the major advantages. NHs consisting of magnetite with colloidal properties have been synthesized. NHs based upon reticulocyte derived exosomes have been used for the targeted treatment of cancer by exploiting the magnetic properties of these NHs.
Environmental remediation using metals and inorganic and organic materials: a review
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Haragobinda Srichandan, Puneet Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar Parhi, Pratikhya Mohanty, Tapan Kumar Adhya, Ritesh Pattnaik, Snehasish Mishra, Pranab Kumar Hota
Biocomposite is composed of two or more quite unrelated materials, one of natural origin, united to create a new material with enhanced performance than the participating materials. Zero-valent metals (Fe0, Zn0 and Cu0), metal oxides (ZnO, TiO and Fe3O4), bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe/Pd, Zn/Pd, Fe/Ni), etc., are potential pollutant removers. To increase their metal removal ability, stiffness, permeability, crystallinity and thermal stability, biopolymers are often integrated with metal nanoparticles to generate biocomposite/nanobiocomposite. Nanobiocomposites are effective adsorbents to remove pollutants from aqueous systems due to their numerous advantages.58 Iron oxide nanoparticles possess properties like high adsorption, super-paramagnetism, chemical inertness, etc., applied alone to adsorb metal ions and dyes from contaminated water.23,59 Their efficacy as catalyst to degrade 4-chlorophenol is reported.23,59
Fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles from ammonia vapor and their importance in plant growth and dye degradation
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2022
Devendra Jain, Himmat Singh Kushwaha, Kuldeep Singh Rathore, Bjorn John Stephen, Hemant Kumar Daima, Rohit Jain, Abhijeet Singh
Photocatalysis is a science that requires light to speed up the process of a chemical reaction. A photocatalyst can absorb light and produce electron-hole pairs that facilitate chemical transformations of compounds involved in the reaction (Khan, Adil, and Al-Mayouf 2015). Suitable features associated with a good photocatalyst include, desired band gap, reusability, durability, appropriate morphology and high surface area, properties also possessed by metal oxides nanomaterials (Khan, Adil, and Al-Mayouf 2015). The photocatalytic activity of metal oxides nanoparticles occurs either due to the generation of OH radicals by OH– anions oxidation process or by the generation of O2− radicals by O2 reduction. The reaction between the pollutant and the radicals causes the degradation of the pollutant or converts it to a lesser harmful compound (Khan, Adil, and Al-Mayouf 2015). Compared to other type of nanomaterials, iron oxide nanoparticles have the advantage of having excellent catalytic and reductive characteristics which could be used in wastewater treatment and a relatively simple method of separation compared to other methods that require centrifugation (Bhuiyan et al. 2020).
Fe2O3 nanoparticles dispersed unsaturated polyester resin based nanocomposites: effect of gamma radiation on mechanical properties
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2019
M. T. Rahman, Md. Asadul Hoque, G. T. Rahman, M. M. Azmi, M. A. Gafur, Ruhul A. Khan, M. Khalid Hossain
The iron oxide nanoparticle was synthesized by following modified sol–gel method (20–24). Figure 1(A) shows the schematic presentation of Fe2O3 nanoparticle synthesis by sol–gel method. As a precursor solution (200 mL, 0.1 M) iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3) was used and it was gelated by addition of (800 mL, 0.1 M) citric acid (C6H8O7) solution. Here citric acid act as ligand molecule and distilled water was used as a solvent. The iron salt solution was added to the citric acid solution drop by drop under vigorous stirring. The mixture solution was then heated to a temperature of 70°C and vigorous stirring was maintained until the gel formation. The gel was heated further to evaporate the remaining water. The dried gel was then annealed at 250°C for 2 h. Finally, the calcined mass was grinded by mortar and pestle to get Fe2O3 nanoparticle powder. The synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticle is shown in Figure 2(a).