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Nano-System as Therapeutic Means
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Ananya Ghosh, Aniruddha Mukherjee
The materials constituting the ultrafine particles are also accountable for toxicity studies. For instance, iron oxide nanoparticles have shown great potential as drug delivery vessels as well as imaging agents for diagnostic purposes. Iron oxide nanoparticles have exhibited low toxicity since they are biologically degraded to form iron ions, which is a vital trace element in humans. Another such element, which is present in scarce amounts in the human body, is silicon and intact silicon nanoparticles were found to be clearable by the reticuloendothelial system. However, if degraded to water-soluble silicic acid, the traces of porous silicon nanoparticles were quite noticeable even after 1 week of administration. Sophisticated regulation of particle size and its surface properties is vital since it is these properties that decide the pharmacokinetics, biodegradation, and clearance properties of these nanoparticles. Toxicity concern still and will remain a major hurdle on the way of clinical translation of nanoparticles. Extensive research work is demanded in the preclinical phases for determining the most suited method for the characterization and reduction of toxic effects of these ultrafine assemblies.
Nanotechnologies Assemblies of siRNA and Chemotherapeutic Drugs Codelivered for Cancer Therapeutic Applications
Published in Loutfy H. Madkour, Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022
Among the different types of metallic nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles have shown great potential for clinical translation because of their diverse applications, including in drug delivery [167–169], tumor destruction via hyperthermia [170], and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [171,172]. Iron oxide nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties are often used as negative MRI contrast agents in T2-weighted imaging. Several magnetic nanoparticle formulations have also combined nanocarriers and iron oxide nanoparticles for applications in biotechnology and medical fields [173–175].
Multi-Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Published in Surender Kumar Sharma, Nanohybrids in Environmental & Biomedical Applications, 2019
Balaprasad Ankamwar, Saee Gharpure, Aman Akash
The magnetic properties of nanoparticles have been exploited for the diagnosis as well as the treatment of cancer. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most widely used nanoparticles due to their attributed magnetic properties. These nanoparticles can undergo magnetization under the influence of an external magnetic field. These magnetized nanoparticles can then be driven to the site of the tumor within the body which can be externally controlled [52, 53]. There are various merits associated with magnetic targeting of these nanoparticles. There are no side effects associated with their use. Also, these nanoparticles are required at very low doses. If the associated NHs have been positioned at a local site, it avoids direct contact with the RES, which is one of the major advantages. NHs consisting of magnetite with colloidal properties have been synthesized. NHs based upon reticulocyte derived exosomes have been used for the targeted treatment of cancer by exploiting the magnetic properties of these NHs.
A review on magnetic polymeric nanocomposite materials: Emerging applications in biomedical field
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Studies concerning the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles indicate that they exhibit very little or no cytotoxic activity when administered in concentrations below a 100 μg/mL threshold.[178] But despite being considered safe, there are often contradictory or poorly addressed studies which deal with genetic and carcinogenic changes, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, or regarding the translation from animal experiments into replications in human trials.[179] It is known that the toxicity depends on the particle type, size, shape, surface coating, oxidation, durability, exposure route, and dose, so each unique composite configuration must be evaluated in order to establish its biocompatibility.[180]
Toxicological effects of the mixed iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe3O4 NP) on murine fibroblasts LA-9
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Karina Alves Feitosa, Ricardo de Oliveira Correia, Ana Carolina Maragno Fattori, Yulli Roxenne Albuquerque, Patricia Brassolatti, Genoveva Flores Luna, Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho, Camila T. Nogueira, Juliana Cancino Bernardi, Carlos Speglich, Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
Iron oxide nanoparticles produce important toxicology effects including decreased cell viability, plasmatic membrane disruption, mitochondrial alterations, cell death, oxidative damage, and cell cycle impairments (Fernández-Bertólez et al. 2019). Batista-Gallep et al. (2018) proposed that the mechanism that triggers oxidative stress initiates an inflammatory response that leads to the toxicity attributed to these NP. In contrast, other investigators showed that there are few cytotoxic effects induced by these NP (Mahdavi et al. 2013; Valdiglesias et al. 2016; Patil et al. 2018; Crețu et al. 2021; Guigou et al. 2021). It should be noted that the cytotoxicity is associated with the type of cell line, exposure duration, concentration-dependent, and NP characteristics as size range and chemical surface (Matahum et al. 2016). Lazaro-Carrillo et al. 2020 found that Fe3O4NP exhibited biocompatibility in macrophages of the RAW 264.7 lineage. However, Hsiao et al. (2008) found that macrophages of the same strain treated with SPIONs accumulated NPs in their membrane, which reduced their phagocytic capacity.
Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shweta Kumari, Prabhat Kumar Choudhary, Rahul Shukla, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are used in many biomedical and therapeutic methods. There are 2 types of iron oxide nanoparticles, one is magnetite form (Fe3O4) and the other one is maghemite form (γ-Fe2O3), which is the oxidized magnetite form. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) which is single domain magnetic nanoparticles that has no hysteresis loop, get a huge magnetic moment in a magnetic field applied externally, hence achieving superparamagnetic performance [91]. The surface of iron oxide nanoparticles may be manipulated with a variety of techniques, increasing their biodegradability and biocompatibility for targeted tumour cell treatment [92]. SPIONs may be used to enhance local heating of tumour. The local heating may be induced by SPIONs which in turn activates the drug release and causes tumour cell demise by temperature-induced programmed cell death [93]. SPIONs may enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic drugs on skin cancer cells by both increasing their transdermal penetration and improving host–tumour interactions [94].