China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monitoring and Analysis
Published in David H.F. Liu, Béla G. Lipták, Wastewater Treatment, 2020
Compared to other composition-measuring techniques, such as photometric, titrimetric, chromotographic, or automated-classic analysis, ion-selective electrode measurement has several advantages. Electrode measurement is simple, rapid, nondestructive, direct, and continuous. Therefore, it is easily applied to closed-loop process control. In this respect, it is similar to using a thermocouple for temperature control. Electrodes can also be used in opaque solutions and viscous slurries. In addition, the electrodes measure the free or active-ionic species under process conditions and the status of a process reaction.
Electrochemical Methods
Published in Jerome Greyson, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Pollutants and Their Determination in Air and Water, 2020
An ion selective electrode is, essentially, a reversible electrode which, instead of interfacing to an unknown analyte solution through a liquid junction, does so through a membrane that permits the transfer of only a selected ionic moiety. A cell diagram for a typical ion selective configuration is Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat)\\
Measurement Systems
Published in Patrick F. Dunn, Fundamentals of Sensors for Engineering and Science, 2019
Ion-selective electrodes are used to sense the activity or concentration of ions in solution. The ions of the species in solution electrochemically react with those species on the electrode. This establishes an electrode potential, Eel, determined by the Nernst equation as
Fluoride removal in zinc sulfate solution by adsorption on lanthanum silicate
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2023
Mingyu Wang, Guoqi Zhang, Zhiqin Liao, Guiqing Zhang, Qinggang Li, Zuoying Cao, Wenjuan Guan, Shengxi Wu, Qiuxiang Liu
The concentration of fluorine in the solution was measured by a fluorine ion-selective electrode method. The research conducted by Xu et al. [16] demonstrated that the fluorine ion selective electrode method exhibits high accuracy in determining the concentration of fluorine in zinc sulfate solutions, with a relative standard deviation ranging within 0.26%. The morphology of the adsorbent before and after fluoride adsorption was characterised by SEM-EDS analysis. FTIR analysis was conducted using the United States Nicholas force 5700 Fourier infrared spectrometer. The adsorbent before and after fluoride adsorption was analyzed using XPS (Thermo Scientific K-Alpha, Thermo Fisher) with an Al Kα X-ray source (1486.6 eV of photons). The Zeta potential of the adsorbent was determined using a potentiometric analyzer (Zetasizer Nano-ZS90, Malvern, UK).
Defluoridation of synthetic and industrial wastewater by using acidic activated alumina adsorbent: characterization and optimization by response surface methodology
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Usha Kumari, Sushanta K. Behera, B. C. Meikap
In this article, an attempt was made to prepare sulfuric AAA adsorbent for the defluoridation purpose. Post preparation, the adsorbent was characterized by particle size analysis, SEM, and XRF to ascertain the mean particle size, activation of alumina and fluoride adsorption. Further, the effect of various affecting parameters, like pH, temperature, adsorbent dose and initial fluoride concentration, on fluoride removal from the synthetic wastewater was studied by central composite design (CCD) in RSM. For optimization and model development, all the experiment were performed on a batch scale using synthetic wastewater. The variation of fluoride concentration was analyzed by ion selective electrode. Later, the optimized process parameters were applied on the industrial wastewater to check the applicability of the model.
Novel carbonized bone meal for defluoridation of groundwater: Batch and column study
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Somak Chatterjee, Sanjay Jha, Sirshendu De
Morphological analyses of different carbonized samples were carried out by using scanning electron microscope (SEM model: ESM – 5800, JEOL, Japan). X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of various CBM were recorded using a Diffractometer (M/s, PANalytical, model: Xpert Pro, The Netherlands). Weight change of CBM with temperature was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) by Pyris Diamond, Perkin Elmer, CT, USA. Infrared spectra of CBM (before and after batch adsorption) were recorded using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectrophotometer, supplied by M/s, Perkin Elmer, CT; model: Spectrum 100. Pore volume distribution and Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area of CBM were determined by surface area analyzer, manufactured by Quantachrome instruments, Florida, USA (model AUTOSORB-1), using nitrogen as the adsorption medium (degassing temperature: 343 K, time: 24 h). Fluoride concentration in aqueous solution was measured using an ion selective electrode (model: Orion 720A+, Thermo Electron Corporation, Beverly, MA, USA) at a neutral pH (7.0 ± 0.2). Variation in concentration of fluoride species in water (in the presence of other coexisting anions) was determined by dissolving TISAB III in the solution (0.1 times the sample volume). This was done to suppress the interference of other anions with the measurement of fluoride. The average of five measured data was reported. Concentration of different ions was measured by an ion chromatograph (model: 883 Basic IC Plus, Metrohm, Switzerland).