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Sampling and Analytical Techniques for Floodwater Quality Monitoring
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Josephine Treacy, Saeid Eslamian
With inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the argon ICP produces ions from the elemental species within a sample that are directed into a mass spectrometer and separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio. Ions of the selected mass-to-charge ratio are then directed to a detector that determines the number of ions present. Typically, a quadrupole mass spectrometer is readily used for its ease of use, robustness, and speed. Due to the similarity of the sample-introduction and data-handling techniques, using an ICP-MS is very much like using an inductively coupling plasma optical emission system (ICP-OES). The ICP-MS combines the multi-element capabilities of the ICP techniques with exceptional detection limits equivalent to or below those of GFAA due to the mass spectroscopy MS detection system (Michalski, 2016). It is also one of the few analytical techniques that allow the quantification of elemental isotopic concentrations and ratios, as well as precise speciation capabilities when used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) interfaces which can be considered hyphenated techniques (Marcinkowska and Baralkiewicz, 2016). This feature enables the analytical chemist to determine the exact form of a species present, not just the total concentration. Toxicology of metals varies with the oxidation, linking with speciation such as chromium oxidation states (Marcinkowska and Baralkiewicz, 2016) (Figure 26.7).
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Nanomaterial Analysis
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Francisco Laborda, Eduardo Bolea, Maria S. Jimenez
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is an atomic spectrometry technique that provides information for most elements in the periodic table (noble gases, H, N, O, F and C are excluded), with very low detection limits. Thus, ICP-MS is one of the techniques of choice for the analysis of inorganic engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). However, when considering the analytical chemistry related to nano-materials, it must bear in mind that the analyses are not just focused on the characterization of pristine nanomaterials, as those synthesized in the laboratory or manufactured by the industry, but also on samples containing such nanomaterials. Whereas the analysis of pristine nanomaterials involves their characterization at different levels (ISO TC 229 2012, Tantra 2016), when a nanomaterial is part of a sample, firstly the presence of the nanomaterial must be confirmed, followed by its characterization and/or quantification, which are hindered by the complexity of the sample matrix and the concentration of the nanomaterial itself (Baalousha & Lead 2015, Laborda et al. 2016a). These samples include industrial or consumer products (e.g., cosmetics, textiles, polymers, foods), as well as any kind of biological or environmental sample, such as those produced under laboratory conditions to assess the release, fate, behavior, and (eco)toxicity of nanomaterials, or collected from “real world” compartments related to the life cycle of nanomaterials (e.g., waters, soils, organisms, tissues, cells).
Analytical Tools Able to Detect ENP/NM/MNs in both Artificial and Natural Environmental Water Media
Published in Julián Blasco, Ilaria Corsi, Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems, 2019
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry or ICP-MS is an analytical technique used for elemental determinations. Nebulized liquids or laser-ablated solids are introduced into an argon plasma, consisting of electrons and positively charged argon ions. In the plasma, elements present in the sample are separated into individual atoms that lose electrons and become positively charged ions (anions are not detected by ICP-MS). The positive ion beam enters the mass analyzer where the ions are separated according to their mass/charge (m/z) ratio. ICP-MS in its most basic version has been applied to the determination of the total metal content directly in the aqueous sample or after acidic digestion. It allows simultaneous quantitative and confirmatory analysis of almost 100 metals in various matrices.
The short-term influence of cumulative, sequential rainfall-runoff flows on sediment retention and transport in selected SuDS devices
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2019
Deonie Allen, Heather Haynes, Valerie Olive, Steve Allen, Scott Arthur
Tagged sediment was released over selected impervious contributing catchment areas directly adjacent to the relative SuDS devices and was evenly distributed using sieving and grid spaced quantity release (i.e. a selected kg/m2 REO tagged sediment released consistently across the contributing catchment area). The pathway for sediment movement between release surface and SuDS device was direct, either through overland flow (into swales and wetland) or through piped/channel conveyance (ponds, linear wetland). No pre-treatment measures existed for the monitored SuDS devices. The tagged sediment was then monitored through suspended sediment and bed deposition sampling. REO tags allow the quantity of tagged sediment material within each suspended and bed deposition sample to be quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). Samples were prepared for ICPMS analysis in accordance with Allen et al. (2015, 2017), using strong acid digestion and filtration prior to analysis using an Agilent 7500ce ICMPS. ICPMS analysis of each flow and bed deposition sample provided unique REO tracer signatures (indication of occurrence and quantity within the sample). The quantity of tagged sediment was then calculated using the known REO:tagged sediment ratio used for released tagged sediment. REO characterisation and ICPMS detection limits are presented in Appendix 2 and 3.
Investigation of the effect of acid sludge neutralization treatment on producing a sustainable eco-friendly additive for bituminous composites
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2023
Alireza Aliakbari, Pouria Hajikarimi, Ali Khodaii
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that effectively evaluates and detects metals and non-metals ingredients within a substance up to ppb concentrations. In this study, according to EPA SW846 Method 3050, an acid dissolving method has been used to determine the extent of heavy metals in the acid sludge (US-EPA 1996). For this purpose, 0.5 g of the sample was randomly mixed with 10 cc of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and 10 cc of nitric acid (HNO3). After 24 h, it was heated to dissolve well in acid and then filtered. The volume of the filtered solution using distilled water reached 50 cc and then the solution was tested using an Agilent ICP-MS 7900 (made by Agilent Technologies in USA).