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Quantum Dots:
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials II, 2021
Kulvinder Singh, Shikha Sharma
When the precursor solution (in aqueous or non-aqueous medium) is treated with micro and sonic waves, this also leads to the formation of quantum dots (Qian et al. 2005). These energetic waves offer a sufficient amount of energy to the precursor solution for the growth of quantum dots. Ultrasonic waves are reported to be helpful in synthesizing quantum dots (1–10 nm) by providing implosive bursts of bubbles in a liquid (Junjie Zhu et al. 1999). This acoustic cavitation develops a localized hotspot through adiabatic compression with the gas inside the collapsing bubble that progresses the reaction to form quantum dots (Junjie et al. 1999). One approach for fabricating quantum dots using ultrasonic radiation is given as follows: acetate precursor of metal ion is added to the seleno-urea solution and then sonicated for 1 h. under an inert atmosphere. During synthesis the solution temperature rises to 80°C (Issac et al. 2005). Similarly, silver indium sulfide quantum dots have been prepared using sonochemistry (Panda et al. 2017). Various other quantum dots have been synthesized using sonochemical synthesis like zinc sulfide (Goharshadi et al. 2012), cadmium selenide@ zinc sulfide (Murcia et al. 2006).
Nanostructure Thin Films: Synthesis and Different Applications
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials I, 2020
Ho Soon Min, Debabrata Saha, J.M. Kalita, M.P. Sarma, Ayan Mukherjee, Benjamin Ezekoye, Veronica A. Ezekoye, Ashok Kumar Sharma, Manesh A. Yewale, Ayaz Baayramov, Trilok Kumar Pathak
Other than oxides, metal chalcogenides, especially sulfides, form a significant part of the materials which are investigated using the ALD [Riikka, 2005; George, 2010] method. ZnS is the first material that was grown using ALD by employing elemental source of Zn and S [Riikka, 2005]. However, typically H2S is considered as the most efficient reactant because of its higher volatility and chemical reactivity towards most of the metal organic precursors [Riikka, 2005; George, 2010]. To date, a variety of binary metal sulfides including copper sulfide (CuS), bismuth (III) sulfide (Bi2S3), nickel sulfide (NiS), aluminium sulfide (Al2S3), indium sulfide (In2S3), iron sulfide (FeS), SnS, and antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) are successfully grown using ALD [Riikka, 2005; George, 2010; Neil et al., 2015; Shannon et al., 2017; Elijah et al., 2012]. Multicomponent sulfides such as ternary (copper indium disulfide (CuInS2), chalcostibite (CuSbS2)) and quaternary (copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4)) are also deposited for photo absorber materials in solar cells [Neil et al., 2015; Shannon et al., 2017; Elijah et al., 2012]. The self-limiting and complementary deposition chemistry of these materials was confirmed by in-situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements [Neil et al., 2015].
Construction of MXene-Based Photocatalysts
Published in Zuzeng Qin, Tongming Su, Hongbing Ji, MXene-Based Photocatalysts, 2022
Sze-Mun Lam, Zi-Jun Yong, Man-Kit Choong, Jin-Chung Sin, Ying-Hui Chin, Jin-Han Tan
Huang and his research team studied the influence of mass ratio of ultrathin MXene (Ti3C2) to indium sulfide (In2S3) (Huang et al. 2021). Ti3C2 nanosheets (MXene) can be obtained through the following steps: 0.8 g LiF was added to 10 mL HCl (9 mol L–1) and stirred for 5 min. To prevent boiling, 0.5 g Ti3AlC2 was added slowly into the solution, which was then stirred for 24 h at room temperature for etching. The sample was centrifuged and washed using deionized water until a pH of 6.0 was reached. For delamination purposes, another 100 mL of deionized water was added, and the mixture shaken manually for 15 min. 2D transition-metal carbide Ti3C2 nanosheets (MXene) was obtained through centrifugation. The synthesis of Ti3C2 coupled with In2S3 was obtained through the following steps: 0.8 mmol InCl3·4H2O was added to 10 mL deionized water and stirred for 60 min. The desired amount of Ti3C2 was added and stirred for 60 min at room temperature. Then 1.2 mmol thioacetamide (TAA) was added and stirred for 15 min. The mixture was transferred to a 50 mL flask containing inert gas. The mixture was refluxed for 90 min at 95 °C. The mixture was then cooled down rapidly using an ice-water mixture and centrifugally washed with water and ethanol. The sample was dried overnight in a vacuum-drying chamber at 35 °C. Using this procedure, Ti3C2/In2S3 composite with mass ratio of Ti3C2 to In2S3 from 1% to 3% was obtained. The performance of their synthesized MXene composites was tested by photoreduction of Cr6+ under visible-light irradiation. The result of 6 min irradiation showed that the Ti3C2 coupled with In2S3 significantly enhanced the photoactivity when compared to those of bare Ti3C2 and In2S3. The photoactivities increased when the mass ratio of Ti3C2 to In2S3 increased from 1% to 2% whereas it started to drop when the mass ratio of Ti3C2 to In2S3 beyond 3%.
Effect of different device parameters on tin-based perovskite solar cell coupled with In2S3 electron transport layer and CuSCN and Spiro-OMeTAD alternative hole transport layers for high-efficiency performance
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Electron transport layer (ETL) should have proper band alignment to facilitate electron transport, excellent carrier mobility, and wide bandgap (Islam et al. 2020). Usually, titanium oxide (TiO2) is used as ETL in the perovskite solar cells which has limitations due to its high-temperature fabrication, intrinsic slow electron mobility and can cause a disturbance in charge transport (Anwar et al. 2017; Iefanova et al. 2016; Lee et al. 2012). Indium sulfide (In2S3) is a suitable replacement of traditional TiO2 as ETL due to its higher carrier mobility, good stability, optimized band structure, and enhanced light tapping and also, it can even outperform TiO2 when used in perovskite solar cells (Hou et al. 2017; Xu et al. 2018; Yu, Zhao, and Liu 2019). Photochemical deposition, spray pyrolysis, thermal evaporation, and modulated flux deposition are conventional techniques for the production of In2S3 (ETL) (Hossain 2012). Furthermore, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) has tunable bandgap, high transparency in UV/IR spectrum, high electrical conductivity, high chemical stability, proper surface texture for increasing light scattering and absorption (Huang et al. 2014), and can be conveniently used as the window layer. FTO is most efficiently fabricated by spray pyrolysis (Aouaj et al. 2009) and can enhance the stability of MASnI3 (Mandadapu et al. 2017).
CdIn2S4-based advanced composite materials: Structure, properties, and applications in environment and energy – A concise review
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Gaurav Yadav, Md. Ahmaruzzaman
There is lot of development recently in the CIS material synthesis and its applications. So, it is necessary to summarize the data used by various researchers. This is the first review on CdIn2S4 to summarize the recent development of CIS. In the first section, the crystal and morphological structure of cadmium indium sulfide is given. The second section comprises the modification strategies used to improve the performance of CIS. In the 3rd section, we discuss the various applications of CIS, including environmental remediation, CO2 reduction, and H2 production. At last, multiple challenges are given for future perspectives about CIS photocatalysts.
Chalcogen-containing metal chelates as single-source precursors of nanostructured materials: recent advances and future development
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva, Igor E. Uflyand
The general method of manufacturing cellulose-metal sulfide multilayered sandwich type thin films has the example of copper-indium sulfide [177]. Cellulose xanthate, a widely available cellulose derivative, and commercial SSPs 1 (M = Cu and In) were used as precursors. It is also of interest to obtain CdS or Sb2S3 NCs by in situ thermolysis of SSPs 1 (M = Cd or Sb) inside the P3HT: [6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid system [178].