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Materials Used for General Radiation Detection
Published in Alan Owens, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors, 2019
Indium iodide (InI) is a wide bandgap, base-centered orthorhombic crystal with a layered structure. It has relatively low melting point (351°C) and exhibits no solid-solid phase transition between its melting point and room temperature. Therefore, high quality crystals may be obtained by using simple melt-based processes. Due to the high atomic numbers of its constituent elements (ZIn = 49 and ZI = 53) and high density (5.31 g cm–3), InI exhibits a photon stopping power similar to that of CdTe. Its bandgap is 2.0 eV, which offers the potential for low-noise operation at and above room temperature.
Clean conversion of methanol to high octane components on ZnI2 catalyst
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Weiwei Chen, Rui Zong, Jigang Zhao, Xiaolong Zhou, Chenglie Li
Mixture of methanol and ZnI2 in molar ratio of 3:1 is heated to 200°C in the reactor described above. The gas product and oil product were analyzed, respectively, as seen in Table 1. The gas product contains a large amount of DME and isobutane. There are more than 150 peaks in oil product GC profiles and the typical components are listed in Table 1. C4–C8 hydrocarbons in total oil products account for 56.6% and most of them are isoparaffins. These results are in line with that in the literature, where the different catalytic performances of zinc iodide and indium iodide are given (Bercaw, Diaconescu et al. 2007a). Isobutane and triptane dominate product of gas and oil product, respectively. Both of them have relatively high octane number. Taken both gas products and oil products into account, the yield of isobutane and triptane are 5.7% and 10.1%, respectively, based on carbon number. Mechanism about high selectivity for isobutane and triptane has been studied in the literature (Plaisance, Raharintsalama, and Neurock 2011; Simonetti, Ahn, and Iglesia 2011).
Influence of chemical speciation in reactor cooling system on pH of suppression pool during BWR severe accident
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2018
Hiroyuki Shiotsu, Jun Ishikawa, Tomoyuki Sugiyama, Yu Maruyama
Radioactive iodine (I) is one of important fission products (FPs) for the source term evaluation because of high inventory in the core, volatility and health effects to the public in a severe accident of nuclear power station (NPS). In the reactor cooling systems (RCS) of NPS, I released from fuels is transported as cesium iodide (CsI), silver iodide (AgI), indium iodide (InI), cadmium iodide (CdI2) or other chemical forms [1]. These I species deposit onto structure surfaces or are trapped into water pools in the containment vessel (CV). Complex chemical behaviors could occur in aqueous phase under a radiation field, resulting in the transformation of dissolved I as ion into highly volatile I species such as I2 and methyl iodide (CH3I). Source term analysis considering this reaction indicated that generation of high volatile I species from aqueous phase resulted in increase of I release into the environment while the operation of the CV venting through suppression chamber (S/C) of a boiling water reactor (BWR) [2].