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Overview of Hyperspectral Sensors on Orbits
Published in Shen-En Qian, Hyperspectral Satellites and System Design, 2020
The Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS) is a spaceborne hyperspectral imager covering wavelength range from VNIR to IR. It is selected as one of the scientific payloads by ESA in February 2013 for its Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission intended to explore Jupiter and three of its icy moons: Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede. It is scheduled to be launched in 2022. The spacecraft of the JUICE mission is targeted to fly by Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa, then a 1-year orbital phase around Ganymede (Langevin et al. 2014).
Extraterrestrial Drilling and Excavation
Published in Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Kris Zacny, Advances in Extraterrestrial Drilling, 2020
Kris Zacny, Gale Paulsen, Phil Chu, Boleslaw Mellerowicz, Stephen Indyk, Justin Spring, Alex Wang, Grayson Adams, Leslie Alarid, Colin Andrew, Jameil Bailey, Ron Bergman, Dean Bergman, Jocelyn Bergman, Phil Beard, Andrew Bocklund, Natasha Bouey, Ben Bradley, Michael Buchbinder, Kathryn Bywaters, Lee Carlson, Conner Castle, Mark Chapman, Colin Chen, Paul Chow, Evan Cloninger, Patrick Corrigan, Tighe Costa, Paul Creekmore, Kiel Davis, Stella Dearing, Jack Emery, Zak Fitzgerald, Steve Ford, Sam Goldman, Barry Goldstein, Stephen Gorevan, Amelia Grossman, Ashley Hames, Nathan Heidt, Ron Hayes, Matt Heltsley, Jason Herman, Joe Hernandez, Greg Hix, Will Hovik, Robert Huddleston, Kevin Humphrey, Anchal Jain, Nathan Jensen, Marnie Johnson, Helen Jung, Robert Kancans, Cecily Keim, Sarineh Keshish, Michael Killian, Caitlin King, Isabel King, Daniel Kim, Emily Kolenbrander, Sherman Lam, Andrea Lamore, Caleb Lang, Joseph Lee, Carolyn Lee, John Lorbiecki, Kathryn Luczek, Jacob Madden, Jessica Maddin, Tibor Makai, Mike Maksymuk, Zach Mank, Richard Margulieux, Sara Martinez, Yuka Matsuyama, Andrew Maurer, Molly McCormick, Jerry Moreland, Phil Morrison, Erik Mumm, Adoni Netter, Jeff Neumeister, Tim Newbold, Joey Niehay, Phil Ng, Peter Ngo, Huey Nguyen, Tom O’Bannon, Sean O’Brien, Joey Palmowski, Aayush Parekh, Andrew Peekema, Fredrik Rehnmark, Hunter Rideout, Albert Ridilla, Alexandra Rzepiejewska, Dara Sabahi, Yoni Saltzman, Luke Sanasarian, Vishnu Sanigepalli, Emily Seto, Jeff Shasho, Sase Singh, David Smyth, Nancy Sohm, Jesus Sosa, Joey Sparta, Leo Stolov, Marta Stone, Andrew Tallaksen, Miranda Tanouye, Lisa Thomas, Thomas Thomas, Luke Thompson, Mary Tirrell, Nick Traeden, Ethan Tram, Sarah Tye, Crystal Ulloa, Dylan Van-Dyne, Robert Van Ness, Vincent Vendiola, Brian Vogel, Lillian Ware, Bobby Wei, Hunter Williams, Jack Wilson, Brian Yaggi, Bernice Yen, Sean Yoon, Ben Younes, David Yu, Michael Yu, Mike Zasadzien, Raymond Zheng, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Mircea Badescu, Xiaoqi Bao, Tom Cwik, Jean-Pierre Fleurial, Jeffery Hall, Kevin Hand, Ben Hockman, Samuel M. Howell, Troy Lee Hudson, Shannon Jackson, Hyeong Jae Lee, Michael Malaska, Brandon Metz, Scott Moreland, Avi Okon, Tyler Okamoto, Dario Riccobono, Kris Sherrill, Stewart Sherrit, Miles Smith, Jurgen Mueller, Wayne Zimmerman, Michael Amato, Melissa Trainer, Don Wegel, Andrej Grubisic, Walter F. Smith, Ralph Lorenz, Elizabeth Turtle, Hirotaka Sawada, Hiroki Kato, Yasutaka Satou, Takashi Kubota, Masaki Fujimoto, Pietro Baglioni, Stephen Durrant, Richard Fisackerly, Roland Trautner, Marek Banaszkiewicz, Karol Seweryn, Akihiro Fujiwara, Taro Nakamura, Matthias Grott, Jerzy Grygorczuk, Bartosz Kędziora, Łukasz Wiśniewski, Tomasz Kuciński, Gordon Wasilewski, Seiichi Nagihara, Rohit Bhartia, Hiroyuki Kawamoto, Julius Rix, Robert Mulvaney, Andrea Rusconi, Christian Panza, Marco Peruzzotti, Pablo Sobron, Ryan Timoney, Kevin Worrall, Patrick Harkness, Naohiro Uyama, Hiroshi Kanamori, Shigeru Aoki, Dale Winebrenner, Yasuyuki Yamada, Tilman Spohn, Christian Krause, Torben Wippermann, Roy Lichtenheldt
Icy moon oceans beckon with ingredients that potentially may harbor extant life. Beginning with the Galileo and Cassini missions, measurements have revealed the presence of global oceans under the icy crust of several moons of Jupiter and Saturn as well as others. Among those moons, Europa and Enceladus have their ocean in contact with the rocky core, providing an environment similar to the conditions existing on the terrestrial seafloor where life has developed at hydrothermal vents (Hand et al. 2017; Lunine 2017; Thomas et al. 2016). Accessing these oceans presents considerable difficulty due to a number of issues including the depth and composition of the icy crust, the time needed to travel through the crust, the power needed to propel a probe, communication of scientific and engineering data though the ice and back to Earth, entry and mobility in the ocean and autonomous operations for the life of the mission. The JPL Cryobot architecture is being developed to provide a feasible system design for descending through a crust of Europa to facilitate the detection of the evidence of life in its ocean. The Cryobot architecture consists of a Cryobot head, power system, thermal management system, hazard detection and navigation system and communications components. Also, under development, in key support of this architecture, is a validated Cryobot Descent Simulator that will be a fundamental design tool for the Cryobot. Based on a design principle to feasibly integrate redundant capabilities that will mitigate unknown environmental risks, this architecture is conceptualized with the form, fit, and function that can be infused into a flight mission that will access the ocean. The work outlined in this section provides a technology path that can reach the beginning of mission design in a decade. This includes developing a trade space of power sources and Cryobot size that minimizes mission duration. Reducing descent time is essential for both system reliability and reducing probability of failure. The development also outlines a field campaign in warm terrestrial ice, complementing lab cryo-ice experiments. A field campaign is being planned for an arctic location to provide validation of the Cryobot Descent Simulator in conditions similar to the warm deep crust of Europa. The described technology will also be available for use on other ocean worlds with similar ice crust like Enceladus or with extensions to bodies with ice beneath regolith such as Mars.
Novel Deep Space Nuclear Electric Propulsion Spacecraft
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2021
Troy Howe, Steve Howe, Jack Miller
The Swarm-Probe Enabling [Advanced Thermoelectric Generator] ATEG Reactor (SPEAR) will utilize nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) to travel from Earth to deep space under its own power. A 15-kW(thermal) nano-reactor with advanced thermoelectric generators (ATEGs) will extract a minimum of 3 kW(electric) of power for use with the electric thruster and various systems throughout its voyage. A specific mission to study the icy moon of Europa has been devised to demonstrate the capabilities of the SPEAR system and search for life among the plumes of Europa.