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Influence of Minor Materials on Iodine Behavior
Published in J. T. Rogers, Fission Product Transport Processes in Reactor Accidents, 2020
Jan-Olov Liljenzin, Oliver Lindqvist
In this paper, we have discussed three possibly important effects on iodine chemistry from the presence and reactions of secondary materials. Acidic compounds from the pyrolysis of organic polymers sooner or later cause low pH–values in all water pools inside the containment. Low pH–values will lead to formation of hydroiodic acid and secondary radiolytic production of elementary iodine.Hydrogen iodide is known to add to unsaturated organic compounds such as those found in the pyrolysis gases forming organic iodides of various kinds.Elementary iodine is, at least in the pedestal, probably captured by finely divided copper from vaporized electric wiring.
S-arylation of 2-mercaptobenzazoles: a comprehensive review
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2018
Esmail Vessally, Robab Mohammadi, Akram Hosseinian, Khadijeh Didehban, Ladan Edjlali
In their subsequent study, they investigated iodine-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of benzazole-2-thiones 52 with imidazoheterocycles 53 in DMSO. The products 54 were formed with good to excellent yields (Scheme 25). They proposed that DMSO playing a dual role in this reaction; the solvent and the oxidant. It is noted that the presence of I2 was crucial for the outcome of the reaction. In the absence of I2, no product was observed. The author proposed mechanism for this reaction is shown in Scheme 26 and comprises the following key steps: (i) the reaction of two molecules of benzazole-2-thione 52 in the presence of iodine, DMSO, and 53 forms one molecule of the disulfide intermediate A and two molecules of hydrogen iodide, (ii) reaction of generated HI with DMSO produces the DMS:I2 intermediate B, (iii) reaction of intermediate A with intermediate B or molecular iodine (I2) gives intermediate C, and (iv) the reaction of intermediate C with 2 finally affords 2-(heteroarylthio)benzazoles 54 [61].
A Scoping Study of the Chemical Behavior of Cesium Iodide in the Presence of Boron in the Condensed Phase (650°C and 400°C) Under Primary Circuit Conditions
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2018
Mélany Gouëllo, Jouni Hokkinen, Teemu Kärkelä, Ari Auvinen
The behavior of cesium iodide in primary circuit conditions has been studied and reported in the literature. The decomposition and thermal instability of cesium iodide is known. However, once decomposed, the products can react with the environment to form more or less volatile species. For comparison with the present work, some results in specific conditions can be referred to. In particular, a previous study28 performed at VTT and work reported by Neeb49 set out that the partial pressure of cesium iodide was increased by an increase of partial pressure of hydrogen.49 Garisto50 also calculated that an addition of excess hydrogen (H2/I > 0.5) to a steam-iodine mixture converted most of the iodine into hydrogen iodide gas. Concerning the behavior of cesium iodide in air, it was postulated by Powers et al.23 that air should oxidize cesium iodide deposited in the primary circuit.
Dimeric cholaphanes with disulfide spacers
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2018
Aneta M. Tomkiel, Urszula Kiełczewska, Barbara Seroka, Zenon Łotowski
Scheme 3 shows two strategies tested for the selective preparation of ‘cis-dimer’ (5). In the first attempt, acyclic disulfide 2 was used as a starting material, which had been prepared according to the procedure described in our previous paper [11]. The synthesis plan of 5 assumed iodination of disulfide 2 followed by the reaction with NaSH · 2H2O, but only the first step of this project (2 to 12 conversion) proved to be successful. Diiodide 12 was obtained using iodine–triphenylphosphine complex in benzene/pyridine solution (analogously to the preparation of diiodide 9; Scheme 2) and was subjected to reaction with NaSH · 2H2O in absolute ethanol [11]. Unfortunately, the main product of this reaction was compound 13, achieved by hydrogen iodide elimination and disulfide group reduction. Although we have not obtained the expected product 5, this reaction was a direct proof of easy decomposition of disulfide bond in this kind of structures. This feature is highly desirable in the synthesis of potential molecular hosts.