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Fermentative biodegradability of phenols in aquifer-derived microcosms
Published in Poul L. Bjerg, Peter Engesgaard, Thomas D. Krom, Groundwater 2000, 2020
Y. Wu, S.A. Banwart, S.F. Thornton, D.N. Lerner
The groundwater and sediments were taken from a coal-tar-contaminated sandstone aquifer in the central England. The site is situated on an unconfined deep, fractured, sandstone aquifer with a Fe and Mn-rich, carbon-poor, naturally aerobic formation (Thornton et al., 1998). Groundwater in the vicinity of a coal-tar distillation plant has been heavily contaminated with a range of coal-tar compounds, including phenol, cresols, xylenols and BTEX, some at concentrations up to 17,000mg/l. Field detection and preliminary laboratory work have shown that anaerobic activities exist in the contaminated area. Microcosms were set up with 1-litre serum bottles and 1-inch teflon covers. The field-enriched sediment and groundwater was transferred to the bottle in an anaerobic chamber. The microcosms were placed in the dark placed at 10°C in an incubator. Liquid and gas samples were removed regularly from microcosms for the analysis of phenols by HPLC, gaseous products by GC and hydrogen analyzer, ions by IC, and metal ions by ICP.
An insight on deformation of pressurized heavy water reactor coolant channel at extreme temperature in an oxidizing environment
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Ankit R. Singh, Andallib Tariq, Prasanna Majumdar, Deb Mukhopadhyay
The steam is generated with an electric steam generator (Make: GAK Equipment and Technologies). Steam is supplied continuously from the bottom of the test section, resulting in a steam-rich environment. The mixture of steam and hydrogen from the outlet is passed through a steam cooling unit, where steam is condensed to separate the hydrogen from the mixture. The chilled water from a built in-house recirculating chiller unit with R-22 as a refrigerant is used as a coolant for condensing the steam. The hydrogen is then passed into the hydrogen analyzer (Make: HNL Systems Inc.). The test section walls are water-jacketed and are cooled by flooding the normal water. The chilled water is also used for cooling the channel end connections. The channel temperatures are measured with ungrounded mineral insulated k-type thermocouples (Make: Tempsen Inc.) having an uncertainty of ±2.7°C. Thermocouples are fixed to the surfaces of PT and CT using spot welding with zirconium foils. The uncertainty in power measurement at full scale is ±1.6 kW.