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LEGAL AND REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS
Published in Richard Helmer, Ivanildo Hespanhol, Water Pollution Control, 2017
Richard Helmer, Ivanildo Hespanhol
At a more general level, the OECD has also developed a risk assessment methodology for estimating the likely environmental impact of high production-volume chemicals. This uses the concept of Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) and Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) to calculate the risk of harm to the environment from a particular chcmical.
Toward an integrated framework for assessing micropollutants in marine mammals: Challenges, progress, and opportunities
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Edmond Sanganyado, Ran Bi, Charles Teta, Lucas Buruaem Moreira, Xiaoxuan Yu, Sun Yajing, Tatenda Dalu, Imran Rashid Rajput, Wenhua Liu
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development list of high production volume chemicals is often used as a priority list for hazard identification (Sanderson et al., 2009). Manufacturers of high-production volume chemicals are required to provide environmental chemodynamics, toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics, and ecotoxicological data of the chemicals (Greene, 2007). In 2003, it was estimated that less than 10% of the 2500–3000 high production volume chemicals had sufficient data despite the OECD requirements (Brown, 2003). A previous study found novel chloroperfluoropolyether carboxylate compounds in soils and surface water (Washington et al., 2020). These compounds were apparently being used as replacements for the more commonly used perfluoroalkyl substances widely considered a major environmental concern (Gold & Wagner, 2020). Hence, lack of information on the usage patterns, environmental behavior, and toxicity as well as inadequate chemical regulations makes it difficult to identify and prioritize synthetic chemicals that can pose risk to marine mammals.