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Green Perspectives of Imides toward Polymeric Membranes
Published in Andreea Irina Barzic, Neha Kanwar Rawat, A. K. Haghi, Imidic Polymers and Green Polymer Chemistry, 2021
Deepak Poddar, Ankita Singh, Sanjeeve Thakur, Purnima Jain
The ability of the solvents to solubilize the polymer can be predicted by the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) for solvents. Another essential requirement is that the solvent used must not be harmful and toxic to the environment and the same can be assessed at a glimpse by considering the information given on a Material Safety Data Sheets for solvents along with the physicochemical properties of the solvents.
Introduction to Polymeric Coatings
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin, Polymer Coatings, 2020
Manju Rawat, Daisy Sharma, Jyoti Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar Ahuja, Avinash Chandra, Sanghamitra Barman, Raj Kumar Arya
Finally, the type of solvent and ingredients influence the polymer miscibility and solubility. The solubility can further be validated with Hansen solubility parameters. The solvent evaporation is affected by various factors that influence the final film properties. The optimized evaporation rate can formulate the desired coatings that can meet the requirements. This can be worked out by testing the resulting formulations experimentally to confirm the predicted results.
Surface Properties and Analysis
Published in Ko Higashitani, Hisao Makino, Shuji Matsusaka, Powder Technology Handbook, 2019
Hansen solubility parameter (HSP), δ, was proposed by Hansen60 to predict solubility among polymers, organic solvents, additives, etc. which are divided into three parameters: dispersion (δd), polarity (δp), hydrogen bonding (δh). Given this theory to expand to particles, it is possible to predict particle wettability. Briefly, dispersibility of suspensions where test particles were dispersed in HSP-known solvents are judged as high or low by kind of dispersion test such as sedimentation test.61–65 The HSP of the used solvents are shown on δd-δp-δh three-dimensional coordinate system. A similar way to predict solubility, a Hansen sphere is drawn including high dispersibility solvents excluding low dispersibility solvents as shown in Figure 1.6.18. To draw a Hansen sphere, commercial software (HSPiP) is applicable.66 The center of the sphere is HSP value of particles.
Design of polymer-plasticizer-solvent films: Effects of initial and operating parameters on the residual solvent and film properties
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
The Hansen solubility parameters are used to determine the solubility of the polymer in the solvent. The RED number is calculated according to Eq. (1) and for this two other parameters are required, namely, Ra and R0. Ra is calculated using Eq. (2), for which various solubility parameter values for the solvent and polymer are used which are provided in Table 2. R0, the radius of interaction for PS, is 12.7.[19] The calculated RED value for PS-p-xylene system is shown in Table 3. The RED number obtained is less than 1, which indicates that PS and p-xylene are compatible. A clear homogeneous solution was formed.
Tuning helical twisting power and photoisomerisation kinetics of axially chiral cyclic azobenzene dopants in cholesteric liquid crystals
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2019
Mengyi Zhou, Hongbo Lu, Xinmin Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Miao Xu, Jun Zhu, Guobing Zhang, Yunsheng Ding, Longzhen Qiu
Hansen solubility parameter is widely used to predict solute–solvent miscibility, and miscibility of solute–solute based on the well-known rule of chemistry, ‘like dissolves like’ [52]. In general, the interaction between LCs and the dopant increases with decreasing difference of Teas parameters (∆f) [53]. The ∆f between R1–R3 and E7 are 0.207, 0.170 and 0.152, respectively (Table 1). Thus, with the increase in the length of the alkoxy chain, increasing miscibility between the cyclic dopant and LC host was observed.
The use of solubility parameters and free energy theory for phase behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen: a review
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
Jiqing Zhu, Romain Balieu, Haopeng Wang
The Hildebrand solubility parameter was intended for non-polar, non-associating systems without any specific interactions (Miller-Chou & Koenig, 2003). To account for specific and various interactions, the Hansen solubility parameters with three components were introduced (Hansen, 1969), with the total cohesive energy as The three components represent respectively the contributions from the dispersion force (ED), the polar force (EP) and the hydrogen bonding (EH), leading to the three-component Hansen solubility parameters δD, δP and δH. They can be related back to the Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ) by The Hansen solubility parameters have been believed to provide a better approximation than the Hildebrand solubility parameter in the context of bituminous materials (Redelius, 2000, 2004). However, the challenge is the indirect determination of solubility parameters for bitumen, due to its complex chemical composition. Solubility parameters can be directly calculated for pure liquids and two- or three-component mixtures of them. But for solid materials and more complex mixtures, it is usually not possible to directly measure or calculate the solubility parameters. Bitumen is a complex mixture consisting of a continuum of relatively large hydrocarbons. The molecules in bitumen might show a continuous range of solubility parameters, instead of a single value. An average solubility parameter may be not enough to properly describe the solubility property of the bitumen. The same can also happen to the polymer modifier in PMB, for example copolymers or if the modifier has a too large variation in degree of polymerisation. Although an estimation of the Hansen solubility parameters for a Venezuelan bitumen was reported by Redelius (2004), i.e. δD = 18.4 (J/cm3)0.5, δP = 3.9 (J/cm3)0.5, and δH = 3.6 (J/cm3)0.5, it was also claimed that the solubility body in the 3D Hansen space is more realistic and useful.