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Design environment analysis on a portable handwash station: A case study in lengkong sub-district, Bandung
Published in Ratri Wulandari, Idhar Resmadi, Vika Haristianti, Rahmiati Aulia, Riky Taufik Afif, Gema Ari Prahara, Aulia Ibrahim Yeru, Dynamics of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Digital Technology Transformation and Cultural Evolution, 2021
S. Salayanti, W. Prihantoro, L.H. Penta
After analyzing the problems found by observing and giving interviews to the users, the new and improved handwashing station was made with supporting components like the multifunction rack with two separate water storage inside, one for clean water and the other for used dirty water. The zinc sink basin is equipped with a sensor-activated faucet, and on the side is a storage space for a soap dispenser, hand dryer, thermometer, and hand sanitizer dispenser. The design was made with the user target physics in mind, making it as ergonomic as possible for every age, gender, character, and everyday activity. Other than the ergonomic design for the users, this portable handwash also functions as a campaign tool to encourage people to wash their hands. The infographic design is made to appeal to wondering eyes even from afar. It is made so that even people from 5 meters away could see the information educating them of how important it is to wash their hands constantly to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The circulation problem is also fixed by putting the station nearer to the entrance, making the space for a queue longer so that the visitors have more space to follow the health protocol and avoid physical touch against each other.
Blowing in the wind: Bacteria and fungi are spreading from public restroom hand dryers
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that restroom hand dryers can spread various fungal species in addition to bacteria. The levels of fungal and bacterial depositions by hand dryer airflow, however, do not vary significantly across different shopping stores. The results of this study expand knowledge of the spectrum of microorganisms spread by the air output of restroom hand dryers. While the majority of the fungal and bacterial species detected do not cause diseases in healthy people, some of them may cause significant diseases including severe invasive infections in susceptible individuals, especially those with impaired immunity or other medical conditions. This study provides a solid foundation for more detailed studies in the future and reinforces the potential threat of restroom hand dryers to environmental and public health.
Quantifying the effects of general waste reduction on greenhouse-gas emissions at public facilities
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2019
Hoda Karimipour, Vivian W. Y. Tam, Helen Burnie, Khoa N. Le
This study found that removing public facility paper towels from bathrooms and replacing them with hand-dryers would emit almost 4 times the level of GHG compared with landfilling the paper towels. Therefore currently, using paper towels is a better option in terms of GHG emissions. However, hand dryers might become the better option where their associated GHG emissions were reduced by a factor of 4. This might occur through highly efficient hand dryers and/or increases in the renewable energy proportion of the required electricity.