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2-Nanocomposites for Treatment of Dye-Laden Wastewater in Textile Industries
Published in Dhiraj Sud, Anil Kumar Singla, Munish Kumar Gupta, Nanomaterials in Manufacturing Processes, 2023
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalyst because of the following properties:It is an earth-abundant catalyst active under visible light.It has a unique 2D structure with highly stable physiochemical properties.It has a flexible structure.It has a low bandgap ˜2.85 eV.It has a tunable electronic band structure.Simple manufacturing and low cost.
Heterojunction Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications
Published in A. Pandikumar, K. Jothivenkatachalam, S. Moscow, Heterojunction Photocatalytic Materials, 2022
Muthuraj Arunpandian, Norazriena Yusoff, M. Velayutham Pillai, Saravana Vadivu Arunachalam
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an effective option to generate H2 from renewable sources. The PEC water separation beneath light by sunlight (Fig. 5.7) has received much consideration for generation of renewable H2 from H2O on an expansive scale [151–153]. The generation of H2 using semiconductor materials promotes a way in terms of clean, low-cost, and eco-friendly production of hydrogen from solar energy [154]. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is one of the efficient visible light photocatalysts (bandgap 2.7 eV) and it possesses several advantages, including being metal-free, nontoxic, low-cost, and have tunable structural properties, and hence it finds several uses, such as energy conversion, water splitting, oxygen reduction reaction, sensors, and water purification [155–157]. For example, graphitic carbon nitride/metal chalcogenide (CN/MCG) and nanohybrid heterojunction materials (CN/MoS2, CN/MoSe2, CN/CdS, and CN/CdSe) exhibit tunable type II heterojunctions to achieve reduced photoexcited electron–hole (e––h+) recombination and an extended absorption range in the visible spectrum, which will eventually lead to the enhancement of photocurrent density during photoinduced charge transfer events.
Carbon-Based Materials
Published in Ghenadii Korotcenkov, Handbook of Humidity Measurement, 2020
Graphitic carbon nitride can be made by polymerization of cyanamide, dicyandiamide, or melamine (Thomas et al. 2008). Graphitic carbon nitride can also be prepared by electrodeposition on the Si(100) substrate from a saturated acetone solution of cyanuric trichloride and melamine (ratio = 1:1.5) at room temperature (Li et al. 2003b). Well-crystallized graphitic carbon nitride nanocrystallites can be also prepared via benzene-thermal reaction between C3N3Cl3 and NaNH2 at 180–220°C for 8–12 h (Guo et al. 2003). Recently, a new method of synthesis of graphitic carbon nitrides by heating at 400°C–600°C of a mixture of melamine and uric acid in the presence of alumina has been reported. Alumina favored the deposition of the graphitic carbon nitrides layers on the exposed surface. This method can be assimilated to an in-situ CVD (Dante et al. 2011).
Synthesis and characterization of Black Au nanoparticles deposited over g-C3N4 nanosheets: enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Mojdeh Atashkadi, Alireza Mohadesi, Mohammad Ali Karimi, Seyed Zia Mohammadi, Vida Haji Aghaei
The most emerging visible-light-induced nanomaterial for photocatalytic applications is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). It is easily synthesized from low-cost nitrogen-rich precursors such as urea and melamine [7, 8]. Metal-free g-C3N4 is a sustainable layered polymer with alternate carbon and nitrogen atoms [9, 10]. The unique 2D networks of tri-s-triazine linked with tertiary amine groups allow g-C3N4 to have high thermal and chemical stability and extreme hardness [11–13]. Pure g-C3N4 with a narrow band gap energy of 2.7 eV has a high potential for conversion and storage of solar energy [14]. But its photocatalytic activity is relatively poor due to the low efficiency for separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs [15]. Insufficient active sites on the surface of g-C3N4 and a high degree of polycondensation are said to be other reasons [16]. Morphology control, semiconductor coupling, metal-free doping, and noble metal loading are various g-C3N4 modification methods. The proper co-catalysts provide active sites for reduction–oxidation reactions, lower the activation energies, suppress the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and enhance photocatalytic performances [17]. The large π-conjugated systems and abundant amine groups on the surface of g-C3N4 make it a good carrier for metallic nanoparticles like gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [18].
Synthesis and comparison of two different morphologies of graphitic carbon nitride as adsorbent for preconcentration of heavy metal ions by effervescent salt-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction method
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Samira Khalesi, Bahareh Fahimirad, Maryam Rajabi, Omirserik Baigenzhenov, Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a new 2D material rich in nitrogen that, due to its special properties, in recent years has been considered in the fields of catalysis, biomedical imaging, and sensing application.[7,8] G-C3N4 has also been used as an adsorbent in solid phase extraction methods.[9–11] Unfortunately, bulk g-C3N4 has several shortcomings, including possibility of re-aggregation of the nanosheets and very low surface area. Hence, seeking a way to improve g-C3N4 performance as an adsorbent is necessary. So far, different morphologies have been synthesized from carbon nitride graphite,[6,12,13] and all these morphologies have shown better performance than bulk graphite in various applications.
Development of photocatalytic chip seal for nitric oxide removal on the surface of pavement using g-C3N4/TiO2 composite
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
Xuejuan Cao, Mei Deng, Boming Tang, Yongjie Ding, Xiaoyu Yang
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a novel visible light photocatalyst with a narrow band gap (2.73 eV), favourable chemical and thermal stability (Zhang, Zhang, & Dai, 2017). The g-C3N4 has a higher visible light utilisation rate so that it was used by researchers to modify TiO2 for constructing heterojunctions (Giannakopoulou, Papailias, Todorova, Boukos, & Trapalis, 2017). Yan, Zhao et al. (2011, 2012) used melamine and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as precursors to prepare g-C3N4 and TiO2, and then mixed the two monomers to obtain the TiO2-g-C3N4 hybrid on a muffle furnace with high temperature. The results showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of the composite is significantly enhanced compared with the two monomer materials.