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Analysis of Biological Samples with Charged-Particle Accelerators
Published in Zeev B. Alfassi, Max Peisach, Elemental Analysis by Particle Accelerators, 2020
Blood, blood plasma, and serum have been used to be the most popular biomedical materials for PIXE analysis. Mousavi-Yeganeh et al.78 determined concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and bromine in whole blood from normal persons and drug addicts. In a related study, Borbely-Kiss et al.79 measured similar elements in erythrocyte and blood plasma samples from normal and diabetic human pregnancies, and found a marked difference in many cases between normal and diabetic pregnancies. Liu et al.80 also measured analogous elements in serums of mice, normal and treated with gossypol acetic acid, and observed an obvious increase in copper and decrease in zinc for the latter mice. On the other hand, Fou81 applied the external proton beam method to analyze a droplet of blood serum in room atmosphere, and used bromine as an internal standard. A few studies involve the determination of only one marked element in the related samples. Simonoff et al.82 determined chromium levels in human plasma by the use of a preconcentration technique after wet ashing of the sample. In an extension study, the same group83 also measured calcium levels in red blood cells by carrying out a coprecipitation of calcium and strontium in 80% nitric acid to remove large amounts of potassium. Similarly, selenium concentrations in serum and other biological samples, and bromine in micro quantities of human blood plasma were measured by Liu et al.84 and Hay and Cheek, 85 respectively.
Batch extraction of gossypol from cottonseed meal using mixed solvent system and its kinetic modeling
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
Surinder Singh, S. K. Sharma, S. K. Kansal
The numerous useful end-products of cotton crop, that is, cotton fiber, lint, hulls, cottonseed oil, meal, and protein make cotton an important cash crop globally. Incidentally cotton contains a toxic pigment named gossypol which is present in almost all parts of the cotton plant including the seeds and it denatures the cottonseed protein during its processing (Adams et al., 1960). On the contrary, gossypol has varied medicinal and industrial applications such as anti-cancer, anti-protozoal, antiseptic, antiviral activity; acts as an anti-fertility agent and is also a natural insecticide. It is a potent inhibitor of prostate cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer and has numerous anti-microbial, pharmacological, medicinal, and industrial uses (Pelitire et al., 2014; Lan et al., 2015; Singh et al., 2015).
Targeting gap junctional intercellular communication by hepatocarcinogenic compounds
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Kaat Leroy, Alanah Pieters, Andrés Tabernilla, Axelle Cooreman, Raf Van Campenhout, Bruno Cogliati, Mathieu Vinken
Gossypol is a toxic compound derived from cotton seed oil that was used as an anti-fertility agent for men (Ye et al. 1990). Cell-cell communication is inhibited upon gossypol-induced toxicity in rat liver cells (Ye et al. 1990). The mechanism of action in rat liver epithelial cells is similar to that of patulin, namely inhibition of GJIC and generation of ROS that leads to acidification of the cytoplasm, which ultimately activates depolarization of the cell plasma membrane (Barhoumi and Burghardt 1996; Ye et al. 1990). Subsequent studies demonstrated concentration-dependent alterations of Cx43 phosphorylation and attenuation of GJIC suppression by a cAMP analogue (Hutchinson et al. 1998; Ye et al. 1990).