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Glass Processing and Properties
Published in Debasish Sarkar, Ceramic Processing, 2019
Raw materials, consisting of the predefined batch composition, including cullet mix, are fed into a glass tank furnace, where a gradient temperature profile is monitored through six side-fired ports connected by left and right regenerators. Figure 8.5 demonstrates a typical glass melting furnace, which comprises three major zones maintaining different temperatures for glass melting and refining: the batch entry zone (1200°C), the melting zone (1550°C), and the refining zone (1400°C). The continuous raw material disintegration and simultaneous reaction during melting facilitate the combination of physical and chemical transformation, gradually transforming into molten glass with substantial bubbling in the homogenization process. The molten glass passes through an immediate narrow zone, designated the “waist zone,” maintained at a relatively low temperature of 1300°C, and then enters the working end or conditioning zone in the temperature range of 1100–1300°C. Finally, the molten glass enters into the forming zone through the “canal zone,” maintained at a temperature of ~1125°C.
Applications: Engineering with Ceramics
Published in David W. Richerson, William E. Lee, Modern Ceramic Engineering, 2018
David W. Richerson, William E. Lee
Heat recovery in a glass melting furnace is essential to achieve a reasonable level of efficiency. Smaller-scale industrial processes (such as metal heat treating) traditionally either did not use a heat exchanger or used a relatively low-temperature metallic heat exchanger. As fuel and energy costs have increased and concerns about emissions of pollutants have increased, more and more industries have explored the use of heat exchangers. Two primary types of ceramic heat exchangers have been developed and tested, tubular designs and layered designs.
A techno-economic survey on high- to low-temperature waste heat recovery cycles for UK glass sector
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Narges H. Mokarram, Zhibin Yu, Muhammad Imran
stands for the fuel cost to provide the thermal energy to run the systems. is the unit cost of the exergy of the fuel in , which is considered to be zero, in this study. As mentioned before, the fuel stream is the exhaust gas outlet from the glass furnace. Because no fuel is burnt to produce thermal energy as the hot source is the hot exhaust gas, it is reasonable to conclude that the exhaust gases emitted by the glass factory have no economic value when it enters the proposed system. Hence, for the proposed configuration of cycles, coupled with exhaust gas of a glass melting furnace as the heat source, , and subsequently, is considered zero.
Model for batch-to-glass conversion: coupling the heat transfer with conversion kinetics
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Pavel Ferkl, Pavel Hrma, Jaroslav Kloužek, Miroslava Vernerová, Albert Kruger, Richard Pokorný
A mathematical model for batch conversion in a glass-melting furnace has been developed. The model considers simplified heat transfer in the conversion zone and dissolution of silica as a characteristic process defining the conversion kinetics and the batch–melt interface. Three kinetic equations were applied based on a set of silica dissolution experiments performed at a constant rate of heating: a stretched exponential model, a differential Avrami model, and a Šesták–Berggren model. Based on the goodness-of-fit and model properties, the stretched exponential model was found to be the most suitable for our data.
Performance Improvement in Semi-dry Ozone Injection NOx and SOx Removal Process for a Glass Furnace Flue Gas
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2022
Yuta Fukuda, Tomoyuki Kuroki, Ryosuke Nishioka, Hidekatsu Fujishima, Haruhiko Yamasaki, Hashira Yamamoto, Masaaki Okubo
To improve the performance of NOx and SOx removal, an improved O3 injection method using a combination of plasma and semi-dry chemical processes for flue gas treatment from a glass melting furnace was investigated. In addition, the effect of the gas flow rate on NO oxidation, denitration, and desulfurization efficiencies, and the effect of NaOH and SO32- concentrations on denitration and desulfurization efficiencies were investigated. The results are summarized as follows: