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E-Skin for Futuristic Nanosensor Technology for the Healthcare System
Published in Suresh Kaushik, Vijay Soni, Efstathia Skotti, Nanosensors for Futuristic Smart and Intelligent Healthcare Systems, 2022
Venkateswaran Vivekananthan, Gaurav Khandelwal, Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Sang-Jae Kim
Composite materials can act as active conductive layers on flexible substrates. To achieve optimized output or construction of active layer, the FET operation is highly influenced by interface layer between the active layer and substrate. The gate controllability is hard to obtain in the interface layer in case of the single walled carbon nanotube MOSFET. SWCNT are capable of control of electrostatic operation of MOSFET and design an interface layer. It has certain merits such as flexibility, stretchability, and conductivity (Fujisaki et al. 2014). The liquid metals can easily realize the wide range of applications such as wearables, robotics and prosthetics. Gallium metal alloys, particularly eutectic gallium indium (EGaln) and Galinstan, are common liquid metals utilized for electrodes and sensors (Yeom et al. 2015). They can fabricate stretchable and flexible electronic skin. The self-healing property of the wire can be realized from good interconnects by liquid metal electrodes. It can withstand various extreme stretching. twisting, and bending (Wang et al. 2013). The choice for transferring process of the active layer onto the substrate is dependent on the synthesis for the materials of the active layers.
Flexible and Stretchable Liquid Metal Electronics
Published in Katsuyuki Sakuma, Krzysztof Iniewski, Flexible, Wearable, and Stretchable Electronics, 2020
Dishit P. Parekh, Ishan D. Joshipura, Yiliang Lin, Christopher B. Cooper, Vivek T. Bharambe, Michael D. Dickey
Eutectic alloys are mixtures that form using a specific composition of binary or ternary elements and have a melting point lower than the melting point of the individual constituents. Gallium forms a couple of eutectic alloys when mixed with indium and tin. The most common examples are EGaIn – a eutectic alloy of gallium (Ga) and indium (In) in 75.2 and 24.8 wt.%, respectively, and galinstan – a eutectic alloy of gallium (Ga), indium (In), and tin (Sn) in 67, 20.5, and 12.5 wt.%, respectively. The physical properties of these alloys vary from the pure liquid metal gallium and, hence, we compare them with water as shown in Table 8.2.[103,109,113–123]
Flexible On-Chip Interdigital Micro-Supercapacitors: Efficient Power Units for Wearable Electronics
Published in Run-Wei Li, Gang Liu, Flexible and Stretchable Electronics, 2019
Guozhen Shen, Kai Jiang, Di Chen
All these components are integrated on a single stretchable substrate with an embedded liquid metal interconnection [Galinstan, a eutectic alloy liquid metal consisting of gallium (68.5%), indium (21.5%), and tin (10%)]. The power receiver consists of a receiving antenna and six voltage multipliers. Nine hexagonal MSCs with interdigital electrode are connected in parallel to form a close-packed array to increase the fill factor. The active electrode material used to fabricate the MSCs is MWNTs. And the MWNTs/SnO2 nanowire hybrid film was used to fabricate the NO2 gas sensors and UV sensors. The whole integrated multisensory system enabled the operation of multisensors by integrated MSCs that could be repeatedly recharged with the integrated wireless RF power receiver. The fabricated stretchable FGF sensor attached to the skin could successfully detect biosignals such as a neck pulse, saliva swallowing, voice, and body movement. The MWNT/SnO2 nanowire hybrid film sensor exhibited a stable sensing signal upon exposure to both NO2 gas and UV light even under a uniaxial strain up to 50%. Such an interesting work showed the great potential of highly compacted integrated system for application to next-generation body-attached healthcare and environmental sensor devices.
3D Printing of Liquid Metal Based Tactile Sensor for Simultaneously Sensing of Temperature and Forces
Published in International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2021
Yancheng Wang, Jie Jin, Yingtong Lu, Deqing Mei
The sensitive material’s selection will greatly affect the sensing performances of the tactile sensor [17]. Carbon materials (carbon nanotubes [18], graphene [19,20], and natural-biomaterial-derived carbon [21]), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) [22], liquid metals [23], and hydrogels [24] have been utilized for the structural design of tactile sensors. Liquid metal can be worked in liquid state at room temperature with both high electrical conductivity and deformability, which could improve the durability and stability of the tactile sensor for long-term usage [25,26]. Eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) and gallium–indium–tin (galinstan) are two commonly used liquid metals, galinstan liquid metal has generally low melting point (~19°C), high surface tension (~718 × 10−3 N·m−1), high electrical conductively (~3.46 × 106 S·m−1), and thermal conductivity (~16.5 W·m−1·K−1) [27–29]. Thus, galinstan liquid metal would be a promising sensitive material for the design of flexible tactile sensors and utilized in this study for the development of multifunctional tactile sensor.
An overview of self-engineering systems
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2021
Galinstan alloys (Ga–In–Sn) are useful as a conductive metal which remains liquid at room temperature. Li, Wu, and Lee (2016b) created a method for printing with galinstan alloys by preventing oxidisation, allowing it to be added to self-healing elastomers (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) to create a flexible and stretchable self-healing electronic circuit, demonstrated in Figure 9. When connecting wires are cut with scissors, they heal, though only when the surfaces are held together.