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The health effects of selenium and selenoprotein in Kashin-Beck disease
Published in Gary Bañuelos, Zhi-Qing Lin, Dongli Liang, Xue-bin Yin, Selenium Research for Environment and Human Health: Perspectives, Technologies and Advancements, 2019
Y.M. Xiong*, X.L. Yang, C. Wang, X.N. Yang, Q. Li, X.Y. Wang, Y. Jiang, J.F. Liu, X.L. Du, H. Guo, M.J. Ma
The results indicated that the biological functions of selenoproteins are mainly related to redox reactions. Several SNPs of selenoprotein were associated with the risk of development of KBD, including GPX1 Pro198Leu, GPX4 (rs713041, rs4807542), SEPS1 G-105A, and SEP 15 rs5859, which might influence inflammation or oxidative stress signal pathways in KBD patients. GPX3 and DIO3 hypermethylation were associated with an increased risk of KBD. Furthermore, chondrocyte apoptosis induced by oxidative stress might be mediated via up-regulation of PI3K/AKt/c-fos, JNK, NF-κB, and AP-1 signaling pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Na2SeO3 has an effect of anti-apoptosis by down-regulating the signaling pathways and reducing GPX3 methylation.
Applications of Antiviral Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Anusha Konatala, Sai Brahma Penugonda, Fain Parackel, Sudhakar Pola
In a fascinating study conducted by Ou et al. (2017), low density lipoprotein NPs were conjugated with docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA), and their anticancer activity was measured. They described a novel anti-apoptotic iron-mediated cell-death pathway called ferroptosis, caused by the LDL-DHA AVNPs through which rat and human HCC cell lines were killed. Three features that stood out in this cell-death pathway were the lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione, and the inactivation of the lipid antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPX4). In an extension of their in vitro study, the group also studied the in vivo effect of LDL-DHA on tumour xenografts in mice and found that the intratumoral injections inhibited the growth of HCC long-term and caused ferroptic cell death. In a study to understand the therapeutic potential of, and to create an efficient delivery system for, umbelliferone β-D-galactopyranoside (UFG), Wistar rats with diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC were investigated in vivo, and HuH-7 and Hep-G2 were investigated in vitro. The group experimented with a PLGA NP-based delivery system prepared and loaded with UFG through sonication. DEN-induced reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and pro-inflammatory cytokine alteration were used to characterise the anticancer potential of UFG-PLGA-NPs. In a similar study by a group of researchers, rutin-loaded PLGA NPs were assessed for their anticancer activity in in vitro, in vivo, and biochemical studies. They found that the RT-PLGA-NPs administered orally reduced the incidence of hepatic nodules and exhibited significant anticancer activity.
Buthionine sulfoximine and chemoresistance in cancer treatments: a systematic review with meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Camila dos Reis Oliveira, Joedna Cavalcante Pereira, Andressa Barros Ibiapina, Italo Rossi Roseno Martins, João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva
In addition to detoxification of endogenous compounds, GSH also participates in ROS elimination generated by cellular metabolism. When GSH is depleted, there is increased ROS accumulation in normal tissues or tumor cells (Palomares et al. 2009), triggering programmed apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death pathways (Sbardelotto et al. 2021), including ferroptosis. This last process may be induced by inhibiting of GPX4 activity and, consequently, enhancing polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation of the cellular lipid bilayer, resulting in loss of membrane integrity (Su et al. 2019).