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Solar Energy for Biofuel Extraction
Published in Vladimir Strezov, Hossain M. Anawar, Renewable Energy Systems from Biomass, 2018
Haftom Weldekidan, Vladimir Strezov, Graham Town
The chapter also reviews the solar-assisted pyrolysis, gasification, and distillation researches performed to date. Solar-assisted pyrolysis was applied to different types of biomass fuels to produce 1.43%–63.00% of bio-gas, 28.00%–77.64% of bio-oils, and 21%–62% of biochar. The heating rate and the final temperature were identified as the most important parameters that defined the distribution of the biofuel fractions. The solar-assisted biomass gasification process has been used to produce several high-value fuels, such as hydrogen-rich fuel gas and methane at concentrations ranging from 24% to 38% and 7% to 13%, respectively. The solar-assisted distillation process is a relatively mature technology used to increase the concentration of ethanol to achieve the required level for use as fuel. The solar-assisted biofuel extraction is an emerging technology that needs a technical breakthrough to overcome the challenges of the process. This implies developing stand-alone solar technologies with efficient concentration and storage capacity for extracting the biofuels. As biomass is low energy density, building small systems that can easily move to biomass-available sites can remove transporting bulk biomass and maximize the usability and distribution of the solar technologies.
Theoretical Foundations of Gas Pipe Networks and Installations
Published in Alexander V. Dimitrov, Natural Gas Installations and Networks in Buildings, 2020
FCs are complex gas electrothermal devices/reactors where oxidation of inflowing fuel gas takes place in a catalytic environment. Fuel gas may be hydrogen, natural gas, methane, blue gas, propane, hydrocarbons etc. The occurring chemical reaction produces water (H2O) as a new product and generates new and very useful energy coproducts: Heat andElectric power27.
Safety Concepts
Published in Benedito Cardella, Safety at Work and Emergency Control, 2018
A hazardous event may evolve into another of higher hazardousness level. Fuel gas leaking is a hazardous event, and the explosion is an event of higher hazardousness level. Hazardous operations may evolve into hazardous events when failures occur.
Rice husk fixed bed gasification for circular economy in compact rice mills
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Yuhan Arley Lenis Rodas, Andrés David Morales Rojas, Salomón Jaramillo Marín, Camilo Salcedo Jiménez, Juan Fernando Pérez Bayer
Over the last century, global primary energy consumption has increased at an alarming rate owing to population growth and industrialization. In the Statistical Review of World Energy 2019, British Petroleum revealed that from 2000 to 2019, the global primary energy consumption increased from 9,390 to 15,450 million tons of equivalent petroleum (Mtoe), representing a 65% growth in only 19 years. Because 85% of the produced energy comes from nonrenewable sources, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, which are directly associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consequently with climate change occurrences and other atmospheric phenomena, the increment in primary energy consumption translates into public health concerns (M.a, Nagaraja, and Sundareshan 2009; McMichael, Woodruff, and Hales 2006; Petroleum 2019). Thus, humankind is in the quest for environmentally sustainable solutions, among which the harnessing of renewable sources such as solar, wind, small-scale hydraulic sources, efficiency improvement in current power generation processes, and biomass has emerged as an appealing alternative (World Bioenergy Association, 2017; Asprilla et al. 2018; Hoque, Rashid, and Aziz 2021). Biomass utilization is emerging as an important alternative on a global scale owing to its worldwide availability and manageability, in addition to its feasibility for conversion, which would allow its use for heat generation purposes through combustion or gasification processes, in which the biomass is converted into fuel gas, which is suitable for the fueling of conventional internal combustion engines (Asprilla et al. 2018; Hoque, Rashid, and Aziz 2021; Morales-Rojas and Bedoya-Caro 2020; Soares da Silva et al. 2020).
Effect of equivalence ratio on gas distribution and performance parameters in air-gasification of asphaltene: A model based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
Fuel gas is considered as a clean and efficient fuel with high potential for heat and power generation applications such as transportation and petrochemical industries in near future. Nowadays, the majority of fuel gas at commercial scale is supplied from fossil fuels, mostly from natural gas steam reforming process. Dependence on these energy resources generates large amounts of greenhouse gases and air pollutants and hence increases the global concerns about the environmental degradation.