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Bio-based Products in Fuel Cells
Published in Lakhveer Singh, Durga Madhab Mahapatra, Waste to Sustainable Energy, 2019
Beenish Saba, Ann D. Christy, Kiran Abrar, Tariq Mahmood
Formate is one of the valuable chemicals used directly in the formation of de-icing agents, animal feed, and leather treatment chemicals. Formate has been suggested as an electron carrier in microbial electrosynthesis (Du et al. 2017). Methanococcus maripaludis requires electron uptake for the formation of formate or H2 by undefined, cell derived enzyme, by using methanogen, at the cathode. A standout amongst those electrocatalytic enzyme i.e., hetero disulphide reductase supercomplex, empower electromethanogenesis and catalyze the formate generation in the electrochemical reactor. Enzymatic electrosynthesis is an optimistic technology towards the production of formate (Lienemann et al. 2018).
Preparation of pH sensitive bacteriostatic W/O/W emulsion microcapsules
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
XiaoNan Zhang, WenQin Xu, Xing Li, GuangHua Pan, NanChun Chen, QingLin Xie, XiuLi Wang
Potassium diformate (KDF) is a white crystalline powder formed by the combination of formic acid and formate [8]. As a green antibiotic-free feed additive, it is completely biodegradable and can be decomposed into CO2 and water in nature and piglet intestine, controlling the balance of bacterial colonies in piglet gastrointestinal tract. This is because the non-ionized formic acid can pass through the bacterial cell wall, its anion decomposition of bacterial cell wall protein, dissociation within the cell, resulting in a decrease in pH, which plays a bactericidal and inhibitory effect on bacteria [9,10]. Because KDF is released quickly in the body and cannot be slowly targeted release, the drug binder Zeolite P, should be introduced to bind KDF, through hydrogen bonding so that it is evenly distributed into the three-dimensional network formed by the cross linking of pectin PT and Ca2+ [11,12].
Techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production via dimethylether steam reforming and methanol steam reforming
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2023
Shardul S. Rahatade, Nilesh A. Mali
This work particularly considers Cu–Ni/ γ-Al2O3 for DME hydrolysis even though the catalyst falls into the bifunctional category. Following the hydrolysis, the methanol steam reforming reaction takes place over the metallic Cu/ZnO/Al2O3. There exist two pathways via which methanol steam reforming proceeds, namely via reverse water gas-shift or via the methanol decomposition route both of which are controversial. The clash of interest is due to the formation of the CO which according to some authors should be greater than or equal to that at the equilibrium, which was not observed [10,35–37]. Another mechanism is the one in which the methanol dehydrogenates to form the intermediates methyl formate and hydrogen. The methyl formate then gets hydrolysed to form formic acid and methanol, followed by the formation of carbon dioxide from methyl formate decomposition [38,39].
Preliminary survey of the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and estimated exposure in a northwestern region of Mexico
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
I. B. Molina-Pintor, M. A. Ruíz-Arias, M. C. Guerrero-Flores, A. E. Rojas-García, B. S. Barrón-Vivanco, I. M. Medina-Díaz, Y. Y. Bernal-Hernández, L. Ortega-Cervantes, C. H. Rodríguez-Cervantes, A. J. Ramos, V. Sanchis, S. Marín, C. A. González-Arias
Mycotoxin analysis was performed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) using a ACQUITY UPLC® Class I system from Waters Corporation (Milford, Massachusetts, USA). A CORTECS® UPLC T3 column (1.6 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm from Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, USA) was used to analyse the target mycotoxins. The samples were maintained at 7 °C during the analyses. The mobile phases were: phase A) 0.5% of formic acid and 5 mM of ammonium formate and phase B) acetonitrile:methanol (50:50) with 0.5% formic acid and 5 mM of ammonium formate. The gradient was as follows: 0–6 min 99% A, 6.0–6.5 min 30% A, 6.5–7.5 min 5% A, 7.5–9.7 min 1% A, 9.7–10 min 1% A, 10–11 min 99% A, 11 min 99% A. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min, and the injection volume was 5 μL. The column was kept at 30 °C during the analyses.