China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Polymeric Biomaterials in Pulmonary Drug Delivery
Published in Severian Dumitriu, Valentin Popa, Polymeric Biomaterials, 2020
Nicole A. Beinborn, Robert O. Williams
Westmeier et al. used an antisolvent precipitation process to produce drug particles containing both salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate for pulmonary delivery. A variety of biocompatible, polymeric excipients were tested for their influence on stabilization during the precipitation process, particle size, and aerosolization properties. A combination of 0.01% HPMC and 0.01% Polysorbate 80 with the two active ingredients produced the best particles for inhalation. When blended with carrier lactose, the fine particle fraction emitted from the Aerolizer® DPI device was 36%, an improvement over the commercially available DPI product Seretide® (fine particle fraction of approximately 20%) (Westmeier and Steckel 2008).
The effect of intranasal corticosteroids on nasal polyps as assessed by expression of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α)
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
J.K. Siow, A.Y.M. Rambe, E.M. Surbakti, D. Munir, L.I. Laksmi, P. Eyanoer
Corticosteroids induce apoptotic processes, which are important in reducing the number of inflammatory cells. The work of nasal spray corticosteroids or systemic corticosteroids is to reduce the concentration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. The anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids not only affects inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and plasma cells, but also epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Corticosteroids inhibit the release of vasoactive mediators thereby reducing fluid extravasation, vasodilation and deposit mediators. Corticosteroids also play a role in reducing the binding of inflammatory cells and inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and the synthesis of the extracellular protein matrix so that the inflammatory reactions that occur can be reduced. This will lead to reduced cytokines and inflammatory cells. TNFa which is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines also decreases its expression with the role of corticosteroids, which is illustrated by the results of this study. Fluticasone furoate, in small doses, is effective in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNFa and IL-5 (Zhang et al., 2014; Tan & Putti, 2005; Yariktas et al., 2005).
Validating CFD predictions of nasal spray deposition: Inclusion of cloud motion effects for two spray pump designs
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2022
Arun V. Kolanjiyil, Sana Hosseini, Ali Alfaifi, Dale Farkas, Ross Walenga, Andrew Babiskin, Michael Hindle, Laleh Golshahi, P. Worth Longest
In this study, two commercially available locally acting glucocorticosteroid nasal sprays, Flonase® (active ingredient—fluticasone propionate) and Flonase® Sensimist™ (active ingredient—fluticasone furoate) (Glaxo-SmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Warren, NJ), were selected as representative products. For the in vitro deposition measurements, the Flonase Sensimist spray pump was hand actuated and Flonase spray pump was actuated (actuation force 7.2 kgf) using the MightyRunt® actuation station (InnovaSystems, Inc., Moorestown, NJ, USA), keeping the spray bottles in the vertical direction (following spray pump “instructions to use,” which recommend tilting the head forward slightly while keeping the bottle upright), as shown in Figure 1c (Manniello et al. 2021). The anterior and posterior deposition fractions (%) were defined as a percentage of the drug mass deposited in specific regions to the total deposited drug mass in the entire model. In vitro experimental setups and procedures for measuring the Flonase and Flonase Sensimist spray deposition in the nasal model are detailed in previous publications (Hosseini et al. 2019; Manniello et al. 2021). The in vitro experiments reported that the escaped mass fraction through the model outlet (based on drug mass on the filter attached to the outlet) was zero for all the in vitro spray deposition measurements, due to the very small drug mass, if any. Hence, the in vitro deposition fractions in the anterior and posterior regions were calculated based on the deposition in the anterior region, posterior region, spray nozzle and drip. For example,