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Potentialities of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Biofilm-Forming Bacteria
Published in Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul, Microbial Biofilms, 2020
Muhammad Bilal, Hira Munir, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
Among the polyphenols, tannins are represented to be one of the largest groups and are subcategorized into hydrolysable tannins (including ellagitannins and gallotannins) and condensed tannins (including catechins and proanthocyanidins) (Nagy et al., 2011). Flavonoids represent extensively disseminated phenolic compounds in plants and are known to be associated with aroma and color of fruits and flowers to appeal pollinators. As a consequence, they are involved in seeding, propagation, development, and growth of seedlings. They have shown the potential to display antibiofilm potentialities. A large number of flavonoid compounds including luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, chrysin, fisetin, and kaempeferol are present in red wine obtained from Vitis vinifera that are able to inhibit the biofilm-forming capacity of S. aureus (Cho et al., 2015). Polyphenolic compounds extracted from grape pomace exhibited a pronounced antibiofilm and antibacterial potential against S. aureus (Xu et al., 2014).
Flavonoids for Designing Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications
Published in Cristobal N. Aguilar, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2019
Divya Mandial, Rajpreet Kaur, Poonam Khullar
AgNPs and AuNPs can also be synthesized using antioxidants from blackberry, blueberry, pomegranate, and turmeric. The fruit extracts of these provide greener, cost-effective synthesis of AuNPs and AgNPs with their capping and reducing properties.14 Different tea and coffee varieties have also been reported for the synthesis of metal NPs.15 The plant extracts are rich in flavonoids: catechin, quercetin, peonidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, fisetin, and myricetin. These flavonoids along with polyphenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidants are collectively responsible for regulating the nano-particles size and uniform shapes. The XRD patterns and AgNPs as synthesized using blackberry, blueberry, pomegranate, and turmeric extracts showed peak at 2Θ value of 38.2°, 44.4°, and 64.66° corresponding to (111), (200) planes of Ag, respectively. Similarly, peaks at 2Θ values of 38.17°, 44.37°, 64.55°, and 77.54° correspond to (111), (200), and (222) planes of Au, respectively. The TEM micrographs of AgNPs and Au NPs as synthesized with blueberry extracts displayed the average size of 50 to 150 nm (spherically and triangular shaped) and 200 nm (spherical shaped), respectively as shown in Figure 11.4a, b. Likewise, Ag and Au NPs as synthesized with blackberry extracts displayed the average size of 25 to 150 nm and 100 nm (oblong shaped) respectively as shown in Figure 11.4c, d. Likewise, Ag and Au NPs as synthesized with pomegranate extract displayed the average size of 5 to 50 nm (spherical shaped) and 400 nm (bigger spherical particles), respectively as shown in Figure 11.5a, b. Likewise, Ag and Au NPs as synthesized using turmeric extracts displayed the average size of 100 nm (large oblong spheres), 5 to 10 nm (small spherical spheres) and 5 to 60 nm (spherical shaped) respectively as shown in Figure 11.5c, d. The UV Visible spectra of Ag NPs displayed a broad plasma resonance peak at 420-460 nm with an additional peak around 550-650 nm corresponding to dipole and quadrupole modes of Ag due to different shapes and sizes whereas AuNPs displayed a plasma resonance peak around 560 and 650-850 nm. These NPs with antioxidant coatings have relevant potential to be used in delivery of useful oxidants, cancer, and chemo preventive agents based on curcuminoids.
Potential bio-functional properties of Citrus aurantium L. leaf: chemical composition, antiviral activity on herpes simplex virus type-1, antiproliferative effects on human lung and colon cancer cells and oxidative protection
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Houda Mejri, Wissem Aidi Wannes, Faouzia Haddada Mahjoub, Majdi Hammami, Catherine Dussault, Jean Legault, Moufida Saidani-Tounsi
The Vero cells and viruses were incubated with leaf extracts at different stages of the viral infection to determine the mode of antiviral activity such as protection, absorption, replication and direct modes. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that antiviral activity studies are reported for bigarade leaf extracts. Our results showed that YLE had higher virucidal effects than OLE and the positive control acyclovir during the absorption and replication periods. Probably, the active compounds of bigarade leaf extracts (especially YLE) may induce the disintegration of the entire HSV particles and the solubilization of the virus envelope (Alvareza et al. 2009). Bigarade leaf extract was rich in phenolic acids (ferulic acid) and flavonoids (naringenin and naringin), which suggested that these compounds could be responsible, in part, for the anti-herpes activity. The aqueous extract of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) leaf, containing ferulic acid, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid as key extractives, had a high virucidal effect against HSV-1, where the infection activity was repressed completely at 6 h after treatment at maximum tolerable concentration in infected rabbit kidney cells (Dimitrova et al. 1993). To search for less toxic antiherpetic agents, Lee et al. (1999) studied the inhibitory effects of 12 flavonoid compounds including chrysin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, fisetin, gossypin, kaempferol, morin, naringenin, naringin, hesperetin and hesperidin on the plaque formation of HSV-1. Naringenin showed the most potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index (SI) of 19.1, followed by chrysin (SI = 11.8) and naringin (10.3).
Effect of precursor feeding, dietary supplementation, chemical elicitors and co-culturing on resveratrol production by Arcopilus aureus
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
In the present study there was a significant increase in the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extracts of different epigenetic treatments primarily was attributed to the resveratrol production. Khanduja and Bharadwaj[45] in their study have reported that resveratrol exhibited a stronger antioxidant potential as compared to other known oxidants such as myricetin, catechin, fisetin. Shrikanta et al.[46] also reported that anti-oxidant property in grapes, jackfruit and Java-plum (jambolan) was attributed due to the presence of resveratrol.
A broad assessment of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb: chemical and elemental composition, total phenolic and antimicrobial activity analysis, and quantum chemical calculations of radical scavenging potential
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
İbrahim Tegin, Bülent Hallaç, Nazmiye Sabancı, Betül Sadik, Mehmet Fidan, Erdal Yabalak
As seen in Table 1, quinic and malic acids were found to be the most abundant compounds in the methanol extracts of E. spectabilis (22.59 and 38.53 mg kg−1 extract, respectively). The quantitative amounts of gallic acid, vanillin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin were determined under 6 µg analyte/kg methanol extract of E. spectabilis. However, in the quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds of the methanol extract of E. Spectabilis using LC-MS/MS, hesperidin, coumarin, rutin chlorogenic acid, myricetin, rosmarinic acid, 4-OH benzoic acid, fisetin, salicylic acid, rhamnetin, quercetin, chrysin, and naringenin could not be detected. Since quinic acid has been reported to repair DNA damage and strengthen the immune system (Pero et al. 2009), a high quinic acid ratio is an important health criterion. For malic acid, another compound with high content, EFSA sources reported that there are no general safety problems with it and its salts, only the reservations of the European Union’s food committee about L-maleate for infants and children should be taken into account (EFSA 2004). Many benefits of p-coumaric acid, which has the third highest value, have been reported (Boo 2019). Trans-aconitic acid, a natural geometric isomer of cis-aconitic acid, is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid and in the citric acid cycle (Bortolo et al. 2018). Gallic acid, which exhibits selective toxicity for cancer cells without harming normal cells, was reported to induce apoptosis of cancer cells through mitochondria-mediated pathways (Gallate et al. 2017). Lin et al. reported that protocatechuic acid, a well-known polyphenol compound with antioxidative properties and a type of phenolic acid, has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells (Lin et al. 2007). More than 500 plants contain protocatechuic acid as dynamic components that provide different pharmacological effects, and these effects are due to cell strengthening exercises, among other potential instruments such as calming properties and communication with a few compounds. Other compounds and their evaluation were given in the supplementary materials.