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Are All Rockets the Same?
Published in Travis S. Taylor, Introduction to Rocket Science and Engineering, 2017
Another form of electrostatic propulsion is that of the field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) thruster. They are essentially the same as the aforementioned ion thruster except that the ions are supplied by a liquid metal source, such as cesium. FEEP thrusters supply very low thrust and are only useful for very-low-thrust applications on the order of micronewtons.
Metal–non-metal transition of expanded liquid Caesium
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2020
B. Grosdidier, N. Sulaiman, S. M. Osman, A. Ben Abdellah
In particular, liquid Cs provides several potential applications, Caesium can be encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), its structures can be adjusted using a structural optimisation process [6], in which the radius of the CNTs is varied to reach the optimal structures and both helical and layered structures also circular rolling of a triangular network were found in various phases. This could explain the structures of ultra-thin caesium nanowires encapsulated in CNTs.The inclusion of caesium atoms between the layers of epitaxial graphene (e-Gr) via a process known as intercalation. Intercalation of Cs in graphite can lead to superconductivity and is crucial in the working cycle of modern batteries and supercapacitors. However, the microscopic mechanisms and dynamics of these processes are not well understood, In Ref. [7], the authors reported novel characterisation of the process of adsorption and intercalation of Cs under e-Gr in microscopic detail, from experimental side, by utilising low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and theoretically by employing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations.Caesium was used to produce high-current ion source which is the basis of the Field Emission Electric Propulsion system (FEEP) which was developed at the European Space Agency. A simple model of the basic working mechanism of this source is presented in Ref. [8].The Cs-doped graphene oxide (GO-Cs) could be synthesised and used in a novel gas sensor that can reach detection limit , which significantly improves the performance of the highly sensitive and portable NO2 gas sensors. This indeed helps in the reduction of the air pollution and the global warming [9].