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Metal Oxides for High-Performance Hydrogen Generation by Water Splitting
Published in Vijay B. Pawade, Paresh H. Salame, Bharat A. Bhanvase, Multifunctional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices, 2020
Sagar D. Balgude, Shrikant S. Barkade, Satish P. Mardikar
Photocatalytic hydrogen productionFrom H2O splitting: The as-synthesized photocatalysts were tested for H2 evaluation from water splitting. Typical experiments were performed in 250 mL round-bottom flasks containing 100 mL of double-distilled water and 25 mL of methanol as the sacrificial reagent. The dissolved oxygen was removed from the reaction mixture by purging argon. During experiments, 100 mg of catalyst was added to this solution. The photocatalytic H2 evolution was studied under solar light irradiation. The reaction progress was monitored by gauging the evolved gas with the help of a eudiometer. The amount of gas evolved as a function of time was noted, and data was used for further calculations. The quantification of hydrogen gas evolved was analyzed by using gas chromatography operated using a 5 Å capillary column and a thermal conductivity detector (Model Shimadzu GC-2014, Porapak-Q packed column, TCD, N2-UHP carrier).From H2S splitting: The cylindrical quartz photochemical thermostatic reactor was filled with 700 mL of 0.5 M aqueous KOH and purged with Ar for 1 h. H2S was bubbled through the solution at a rate of 2.5 mLmin–1 at 298 K. H2S was continuously fed into the system during the photoreduction. The 0.5 gm of as-prepared sample was introduced into the reactor and irradiated with normal solar light with constant stirring. The excess H2S was trapped in the NaOH solution. The amount of hydrogen evolved was measured using a graduated glass burette.
Heat treatment of Hexa-Methylene Diamine Tetra-Methylene Phosphonic Acid (HMDTMPA) coating on biodegradable Mg to improve corrosion resistance and bioactivity
Published in Surface Engineering, 2021
Hanaa Soliman, Abdel Salam Makhlouf, Guojiang Wan
The corrosion behaviour was investigated by free immersion of the coated Mg samples in SBF solution at 37°C for 21 days. The volume of evolved hydrogen was measured as an indicator for the estimation of sample’s corrosion rate. For hydrogen collection, the sealed samples (four for each kind sample) with a test area of 0.79 cm2 were put in 400 mL SBF. The SBF solution was changed every five days, and the hydrogen gas was collected by a eudiometer [32]. After the immersion test for a period 21 days, the data were collected. To reveal the morphology of Mg substrate underneath the corrosion product, the chemical cleaning method was employed according to the ASTM Standard G1-03 [33]. Briefly, the sample was immersed in the chemical cleaning solution: 150 mg mL−1 CrO3 plus 10 mg mL−1 AgCrO3 for 1 min at 80°C then cleaned with distilled water three times.
Alcoholysis of Linfen bituminous coal: effect of temperature and solvent
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Yunpeng Zhao, Xinggang Si, Jiaojiao Du, Zhe Lin, XianYong Wei
where Ci and Mi denote the relative content and molecular weight of a kind of gas component, respectively, therein i denotes a kind of gas component; V denotes the total volume of gaseous products, which is measured by eudiometer based on the theory of communicating vessels; p and T denote the ambient pressure and temperature, respectively. In addition, the alkanolysis or thermal dissolution experiments of LF were also conducted in ethanol, n-propanol, benzene, and toluene. The oil, gas, and residue obtained in different solvent and temperature were named as Oilsolvent, temperature, Gassolvent, temperature, and Rsolvent, temperature, respectively.
Alkaline pre-treatment (NAOH) as a strategy to increase the performance and feasibility of the anaerobic digestion of cattle slurry
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Ricardo Muller, Marcio A. Vilas Boas, Mônica S. S. M. Costa, Marcelo Remor, Helton J. Alvez
Biogas production was determined under controlled fermentation conditions according to the VDI 4630 [15]. Chemical, physical, and biological analyses of the samples and the biogas were carried out in triplicate. The mass of treated samples and inoculum was measured before the eudiometer. The eudiometer was placed in a water bath at 37.0 ± 2.0 °C.