China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Applications of Liquid Marbles
Published in Andrew Terhemen Tyowua, Liquid Marbles, 2018
Dry water has been used for several applications. For example, its highly distributed gas-water interface has been used to greatly enhance the kinetics of gas-water heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation (Carter et al. 2010). Dry water has been used as gas hydrate to store gases like CH4, CO2, and Kr (Wang et al. 2008, Carter et al. 2009). Gas hydrates or gas clathrates are nonstoichiometric crystalline inclusion solid compounds made up of a hydrogen-bonded water lattice which trap small molecules, like CH4, O2, CO2, H2S, H2, and N2, within polyhedral cavities. They occur naturally in large quantities. These water-based crystalline solids resemble ice physically but are chemically distinct from ice given the presence of trapped gaseous molecules in the cavities of the frozen water molecules. Gas hydrates have been used for the capturing, separation, storage, and transportation of gases. One limitation of gas hydrates is their slow formation owing to the small gas-solid or gas-liquid interface involved. To surmount this problem, gas hydrates have been prepared using dry water by taking advantage of the high interfacial contact between the water drops and air. Because of the high interfacial contact between the water drops and air, gas diffusion into the hydrate structure is greatly enhanced compared to the bulk water or ice structure leading to an increase in the kinetics of hydrates formation. The stability of the dry water powder to evaporation and its recyclability in terms of gas hydrate formation is greatly enhanced when a gelling agent like gellan gum is added to it (Carter et al. 2009).
Experimental study on formation characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate in frozen porous media
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2021
Xuemin Zhang, Jinping Li, Jiaxian Wang, Qingbai Wu, Yingmei Wang, Ze Yao
Furthermore, Zatsepina et al. (Zatsepina and Pooladi-Darvish 2011, 2012) carried out the hydrate formation experiments to investigate the formation process and gas storage capacities of CO2 hydrate. The results demonstrated that the porous media played an important role on the formation process and gas storage capacities of CO2 hydrate. Ding et al. (Ding et al. 2013) studied the formation process of CH4 hydrate in porous under different conditions. The result illustrated that increasing the operating pressures and reducing particle sizes were beneficial to the gas storage capacity of hydrate. Prasad et al. (Prasad et al. 2012) experimentally investigated the formation process of CH4 hydrate in silica system. It was shown that porous media was helpful to shorten the induction time of hydrate formation. Chari et al. (Chari et al. 2013) studied the formation process of CH4 hydrate in the system of silica suspensions. It was shown that gas storage capacities of CH4 hydrate was much equal to the DW (dry water) under the optimal conditions of silica/water proportion. Sun et al. (Sun et al. 2014) experimentally elucidated the formation process and phase behaviors of CH4 hydrate in the porous media. Sun et al. (Sun and Englezos 2014) systematically studied the hydrate formation process in a partially water-saturated porous medium system. The results indicated that gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate was much higher under condition of higher pressures. Simultaneously, Sagir et al. (Sagir, Tan, and Mushtaq et al. 2014; Sagir et al. 2016) investigated the influence of CO2 philic surfactant on CO2 mobility and interfacial tension. The results showed that CO2 philic surfactant could be taken as CO2 mobility control agent and enhanced oil recovery. Talebian et al. (Talebian et al. 2015; Talebian, Sagir, and Mumtaz 2018) found that surfactants with an increased affinity toward CO2 were intended to improve foam mobility. On the whole, the pressure, temperature, and the parameter of porous media imposed a crucial effect on the formation process and formation characteristics of hydrate in porous media.