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Published in Eli Ruckenstein, Hangquan Li, Chong Cheng, Solution and Surface Polymerization, 2019
Eli Ruckenstein, Hongmin Zhang
It has been reported that the molecular structure of the cross-linker greatly affects the yield of the star-shaped polymer. For instance, when the cationically prepared living polymer of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) was reacted with bisphenol A derived divinyl ether, a star-shaped poly(IBVE) was obtained with high selectivity.2a However, when this cross-linker with rigid aromatic units was replaced with a flexible divinyl ether, such as di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether, the resulting star-shaped polymer was accompanied by low molecular weight polymers. Similarly, the cross-linker 1 also possesses a flexible spacer. After the cross-linking proceeds to a certain extent, the flexibility of the cross-linker makes its pendant double bond less exposed and hence less accessible for further reactions with the incoming living chains. The increase of the amount of 1 will generate a larger core, thus providing a larger number of accessible vinyl groups. For this reason, the fraction of star-shaped polymer will increase (Figure 1.6.2D).
Synthetic Polymer-Drug Conjugates for Human Therapy
Published in Vladimir Torchilin, Mansoor M Amiji, Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine, 2011
Recently, water-soluble polyacetals prepared by polyaddition of PEG and oligo(ethylene oxide) divinyl ether were described245,246 as promising biodegradable carrier for anticancer drugs. These polymers are more stable at physiological pH (7.4) undergoing fast hydrolysis in mildly acid environment resulting in small non-toxic degradation products removable from the organism by glomerular filtration. Terpolymer of PEG with divinyl ethers and serinol was used for conjugation with Dox.245 In the conjugates Dox was attached to the polymer via amide bond and succinoyl in spacer. The conjugates with Mw ~100kDa and polydispersity 1.7–2.6 showed prolonged half-life in blood and enhanced tumor accumulation compared with PK1 (HPMA copolymer-Dox conjugate) and lower uptake by liver and spleen. Unfortunately, no evidence of superior anticancer activity of the conjugate in vivo in comparison with PK1 was reported.
Nonconjugated Symmetrical Dienes
Published in George B. Butler, Cyclopolymerization and Cyclocopolymerization, 2020
Cyclopolymerization of ethylene glycol divinyl ether and photocrosslinking reaction of its polymer has been studied. Soluble polymers with methylene-1,4-dioxane-2,3-diylmethylene and 2-[2-(vinyloxy)ethoxy]ethylene structural units were obtained.396
3D-VAT printing of nanocomposites by photopolymerisation processes using amino-meta-terphenyls as visible light-absorbing photoinitiators
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2023
Filip Petko, Emilia Hola, Magdalena Jankowska, Alicja Gruchała-Hałat, Joanna Ortyl
As monomers for cationic polymerisation, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (CADE, Sigma-Aldrich), Tri(ethylene glycol)divinyl ether (TEGDVE, Sigma-Aldrich), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether (1.4-CHMDE, BASF), 3-Ethyl-3-oxetanemethanol (S130, Lambson) were used. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA, AmBeed), Bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BEDA, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as monomers for free radical polymerisation experiments. Bis(4-t-butylphenyl)-iodonium hexafluorophosphate (IOD – Speedcure 938, Lambson Ltd), Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB, Alfa Aesar) and 2,4-Diethyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (THX, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as components of photoinitiating systems. Nanoparticles Aluminium oxide (Al2O3, Sigma Aldrich, nanopowder, 13 nm particle size) and Copper(II) oxide (CuO, Sigma Aldrich, nanopowder, <50 nm particle size) were used as filles for composites 3D-VAT printing. Structures of monomers and photoinitiating systems components are shown in Table S2 in Supporting Information.
Opportunities for an en-route to polymer inclusion membrane approach from conventional hydrometallurgical recycling of WPCBs: a mini-review
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2022
Rohit Jha, Gautam Mishra, Munmun Agrawal, Mudila Dhanunjaya Rao, Arunabh Meshram, Kamalesh K. Singh
Recently, Hoque et al. studied the performance of cross-linked (CL) PIMs for the recovery of gold from aqua regia leach liquor prepared from digesting mobile phones. This study includes Cyphos®1L104 as extracting agent along with the PVC, CTA and PVDF-HF base polymers. Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate (PEGDMA), poly (ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (PEGDVE) were used as cross-linking agents with base polymer PVDF-HF; N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) was tested its applicability with CTA based PIMs. Sodium sulphite was used as receiving solution. It has been reported that CL-PIMs with PVDF-HF performed better than CTA-based CL-PIMs and other non-CL-PIMs. CL-PIMs with PVDF-HF transported 94% of gold ions selectively through the membrane into receiving solutions [92].