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Phase-Change Materials
Published in George A. Lane, Solar Heat Storage: Latent Heat Materials, 1986
Dibasic sodium phosphate, Na2HPO4, is also known as DSP, disodium phosphate, disodium orthophosphate, sodium orthophosphate, or disodium hydrogen phosphate. It is a common chemical, widely used in industry. It is produced either by reacting soda ash with phosphoric acid, or by treating dicalcium phosphate with soda ash. All these raw materials are cheap and readily available.
Solar-pond assisted reverse osmosis-electrodialysis system for seawater desalination and hydroponic fertilizer solution production
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Moreover, another study used sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide sequentially for the removal of Ca and Mg ions, respectively (Sorour, Hani, and Shaalan 2016). There are several studies focusing on the recovery of K+ ions from seawater. Guo et al. (Gonzalez, Grágeda, and Ushak 2017) used modified clinoptilolite in column sorption-elution to recover K+ ions with a concentration of 7.5720 g/L from desalination by-products. An additional study uses precipitation to recover Mg2+, K+, and SO42- simultaneously from seawater by adding disodium phosphate (1.2% volume), calcium chloride (2% volume), and sodium hydroxide (2% volume) (Pujiastuti et al. n.d.). Other studies also investigated using RO brine waste as a precipitant to recovery phosphorus, which can also be used in the fertilizer industry (Tian et al. 2016).
Iron-promoted sulfur sequestration for the substituent-dependent regioselective synthesis of tetrazoles and guanidines
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2021
Venkata Bhavanarushi Pendem, Ramana Tamminana, Madhavi Nannapaneni
However, a high yield of tetrazole was observed when using Et3N and pyridine instead of inorganic bases (NaOAc, NaOH, and Na2HPO4). Organic bases like Et3N and Pyridine complex with iron salts that increase their solubility, which leads to an increase in the yield of tetrazole product. Among the inorganic bases, sodium acetate is better than others. It might be reasoned that NaOAc may produce Fe(OAc)2, which is more soluble than other iron sources. To confirm, we have performed the control experiment with an organo-soluble iron source like Fe(acac)2, and it gave tetrazole product in good yield (Scheme 1). In the case of disodium phosphate and sodium hydroxide, we could observe tetrazole product along with some other undetermined spots, which are in TLC (bond might be broken in the presence of strong bases).
Production of bromelain aerosols using spray-freeze-drying technique for pulmonary supplementation
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
M. N. Lavanya, R. Preethi, J. A. Moses, C. Anandharamakrishnan
Bromelain activity was determined according to Devakate et al.[36] and expressed as casein digestion units (CDU). A known amount of bromelain was dissolved in 1 mL of activating buffer (30 mM of L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate in 6 mM of disodium EDTA). The enzyme mixture was added to 5 mL of 0.75% casein (prepared in 50 mM anhydrous disodium phosphate buffer at pH 7). The entire mixture was incubated at 37 °C for 10 min. Later, casein proteolysis was arrested by adding 5 mL of 30% trichloroacetic acid (TAC), which was allowed to stand for 30 min at 37 °C. The solution was brought to room temperature and filtered twice using Whatman filter paper 42. The filtrate was measured at 280 nm using a microplate reader (SpectraMax® iD3, Molecular Devices, USA). The activity of the enzyme was calculated by plotting the values against the tyrosine standard plot (µg/mL). One unit of bromelain was considered as “the amount of enzyme which while acting on the casein substrate under specified conditions, produces one microgram of tyrosine per minute”.