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Asphalt and Emulsions
Published in Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi, Pavement Engineering, 2017
Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi
Demulsibility test: This test is conducted to check the rate of breaking of rapid-setting emulsions when applied on aggregates or soils. The test consists of mixing an emulsion with a solution of water and either calcium chloride or dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (for anionic and cationic emulsions, respectively), and sieving the mix. The concentration of the solution and the minimum amount of asphalt retained on the sieve (as a result of coalescence) are generally specified. A similar test is conducted for the SS grades, using finely ground Portland cement, and washing over a 1.40 mm sieve. Generally, limits are specified on the amount of material that is retained on the sieve, to ensure the ability of the emulsion to mix with the soil/aggregate with high surface area before breaking.
Compressed Solids Formulations
Published in Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations, Third Edition, 2019
Methyl cellulose, polycarbophil, calcium polycarbophil, bran, malt soup extract, karaya, guar gum, or mixtures of these can be substituted for the psyllium. The amounts of psyllium and/or dioctyl sulfosuccinate can be varied. Dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate or dioctyl potassium sulfosuccinate can be substituted for the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, or two or three of these can be combined.
Alterations induced in the micellization behavior of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in the presence of imidazolium-based surface-active ionic liquids in aqueous medium
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Harsh Kumar, Gagandeep Kaur, Kirti Gupta
The stock solutions of anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (NaAOT) and both the SAILs have been prepared in the aqueous medium. The specified range of concentrations for SAILs that is, (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16) wt.% has been tried to explore the aggregation behavior of NaAOT at lower concentration of SAILs, so that the SAIL molecules may not self-assemble in the system. Sartorius CPA 225D electronic balance (precision ±0.00001 g) has been employed to accurately weigh the compounds. The double-distilled water having a conductivity value ≤ of 5 μS cm−1 utilized for sample preparation has been obtained from Millipore, Milli-Q Academic water purification system. The well-calibrated pipettes have been used for the stepwise addition of a specific volume of NaAOT solution into the water and various concentrations that is, (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16) wt.% of both the SAILs. Microsoft Excel and Origin 2018 have been utilized to analyze the data obtained via different kinds of measurements.
Research progress and development trend of heavy oil emulsifying viscosity reducer: a review
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
Xiangyu Chen, Ning Wang, Shuqian Xia
Yang, Ma, et al. (2017) screened dodecyl diethanolamide for α-olefin sulfonate-nonionic surfactant-sodium carbonate ternary composite system. The results showed that the DVR of the ternary system reached 98.89%. Similarly, Chen et al. (2020) also developed a new viscosity reducer, denoted as CSY-1, composed of 0.5% OP-10, 1.8% SDBS, 0.1% Tween80 and 1% NaOH (or Na2CO3). The results showed that the DVR reached 99.44%, and importantly, the oil production increased to 8.12 t/d, illustrating significant industrial value. In addition, Wang et al. (2020) synthesized a nonionic polymer surfactant with polyethylene glycol structure, denoted as TPVR7, and applied it in combination with anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. Under the optimal dosage, the DVR reached 97%, and recovery rate increased by 21.89%, which was considered to have great application potential. In fact, this is due to the synergistic effect between anionic and nonionic surfactants. The denser interfacial film formed by nonionic surfactants enhances the emulsion stability, and at the same time the negatively charged emulsions repel each other to prevent the aggregation of droplets.
Synthesis and investigation of halogen-free phosphonium-based ionic liquids for lubrication applications
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2019
Lili Zhu, Jun Dong, Ying Ma, Yulong Jia, Cheng Peng, Weimin Li, Ming Zhang, Kuiliang Gong, Xiaobo Wang
Accordingly, developing environmentally friendly ILs from renewable and biodegradable resources to diminish or avoid corrosion and toxicity has becoming an inevitable strategy. Numerous halogen-free ILs such as saccharin (Kumar, et al. (23); Hough-Troutman, et al. (24)), amino acid (Liu, et al. (25); He, et al. (26)), and ibuprofen (Viciosa, et al. (27); Sintra, et al. (28)) ILs have been designed and synthesized to replace traditional corrosive or hazardous ILs. Unfortunately, these ILs presented very poor thermal stability in many cases (Reeves, et al. (29); Howell, et al. (30); Liu, et al. (31)). Indeed, the physicochemical properties and nontoxicity of ILs can be regulated and customized by building precursor units from active pharmaceutical ingredients and biomass due to their biodegradability and hypotoxicity (Hough, et al. (32); Zhao, et al. (33); Rogers and Seddon (34)). Sodium docusate (also called dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) is known as a common surfactant found in over-the-counter laxative stool softeners. It is also utilized in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry as an emollient or wetting or dispersing agent (Smith, et al. (35); Rosal, et al. (36); Bai, et al. (37)). Recently, it was verified in the literature that phosphonate ILs usually tend to have good thermal stability (Fan, et al. (38); Battez, et al. (39); Shah, et al. (40)). Inspired by these surveys, great efforts have been devoted to searching for new halogen-free ILs as lubricants to enhance triboperformance, particularly for steel–steel contacts.