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Clay Mineral Catalysis of Isomerization, Dimerization, Oligomerization, and Polymerization Reactions
Published in Benny K.G. Theng, Clay Mineral Catalysis of Organic Reactions, 2018
The isomerization of an organic molecule/compound refers to its rearrangement into a new molecule/compound with the same number and type of atoms but differing in bonding arrangement. As the term suggests, dimerization is the process of combining two structurally identical compounds (monomers) through covalent bonding or other bonding modes. For our purposes, oligomerization denotes the process of combining a few (3–50) monomers into a molecular entity, while polymerization refers to the process of converting a monomer, or a mixture of monomers, into a large chain-like or network molecule. Since organic reactions over acid-activated clay minerals, such as K10 montmorillonite, take place in the proton-rich mesopores and interlayers, there is scope for shape-selective and dimensionally-confined transformations.
Friction and wear characteristics of vegetable oils using nanoparticles for sustainable lubrication
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2018
Wani Khalid Shafi, Ankush Raina, Mir Irfan Ul Haq
A method of modifying the unsaturated double bonds in fatty acids wherein two fatty acid molecules are made to react with each other in presence of a catalyst resulting in the formation of dimers, trimers, etc. Dimers are made by reacting two monomers of fatty acid. Dimers can be prepared from thermal dimerisation or clay catalysed dimerisation. Thermal dimerisation is in oils with high content of linoleic fatty acids is explained by Dier Alder mechanism where as oils with high content of oleic acid is better explained by free radical mechanism [109]. Trimers are made by reacting a dimer with a monomer e.g. a dimer (C36) reacts with C18 monomer and produces a C54 trimer fatty acid.