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The environmental impact and health hazards of cleaning
Published in Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian, Care and Maintenance of Textile Products Including Apparel and Protective Clothing, 2018
Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian
Liquid silicone or siloxane: Liquid silicone (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, or D5) is a colourless, odourless and non-oily fluid that can be used for dry cleaning with a more gentle action and without any colour loss [362]. The popularity of siloxane is growing as it is considered a green solvent. As siloxanes hardly react with the textiles, the textile items retain their colour and quality. The use of liquid silicone needs licensing as it is in the list of the property of ‘GreenEarth Cleaning (GEC)’. Although it is eco friendly, the cost is almost double of perc and GEC needs to be paid for the annual affiliation fee. It produces waste that is non-toxic and non-hazardous. It can degrade within a few days in the environment in the presence of silica and traces of water and CO2. The research on female rats by Dow Corning established the fact that exposure to the solvent can increase the incidence of tumors. However, the male rats were not affected by the exposure. Further research carried on humans established that the threats observed in rats are not relevant to humans in this case due to the differences in the biological pathways.
Silicones in Cosmetics
Published in E. Desmond Goddard, James V. Gruber, Principles of Polymer Science and Technology in Cosmetics and Personal Care, 1999
E. Desmond Goddard, James V. Gruber
of the OH radical with organosilicone compounds at room temperatures range from 5.2 ×10-11 for hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane to 1.6×10-12 for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. This leads to calculated lifetimes of 8 days and 23 days for these two materials, respectively. The calculated lifetimes are inversely proportional to the OH radical concentration in the atmosphere, and hence vary somewhat with changes in season and latitude (190,191).
Study the dyeing behavior of wool fabric using henna extract in decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) medium
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Omer Kamal Alebeid, Liujun Pei, Hashim Sliman, Wenlong Zhou, Jiping Wang
D5 (Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane) (Figure 1) is a clear, odorless, colorless, and non-oily cyclic siloxane fluid widely used in industrial applications. Researches demonstrated that D5 is safe for human health and the environment (Chengchen et al., 2015, 2016).
Molecular composition and gas-particle partitioning of indoor cooking aerosol: Insights from a FIGAERO-CIMS and kinetic aerosol modeling
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2022
Catherine G. Masoud, Ying Li, Dongyu S. Wang, Erin F. Katz, Peter F. DeCarlo, Delphine K. Farmer, Marina E. Vance, Manabu Shiraiwa, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
Given the continuous cooking activity that took place on the simulated Thanksgiving days (shown in panels TG1 and TG2 in Figure 2), we further studied the categorical distribution of observed compounds from Thanksgiving day 2 at 14:05-14:25 (which is the time period with the highest PM concentration). While the CIMS cannot resolve isomeric ions, we infer the source category of molecular formulas based on the event during which they are released. For instance, for a time-period on “Thanksgiving Day” when no active cooking took place and people occupied the space, the CIMS measured a molecular formula of C13H22O3, potentially corresponding to methyl dihydrojasmonate, which has a jasmine scent and is used in the fragrance formulation of personal care products. We also detected decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), which is an emerging pollutant of interest (Charan et al. 2022; Jiménez-Guerrero and Ratola 2021; Fu et al. 2020; Coggon et al. 2018; D’Ambro et al. 2017; Yucuis, Stanier, and Hornbuckle 2013) and is used in personal care products for its lubricating and sealing properties. Nonetheless, concentrations of D5 were fairly low, and ions attributed to the personal care products category constituted only a small fraction of PM during these cooking-centered events. The right-most panel in Figure 2 shows the molar distribution of identified compounds based on assigned category (cooking, commercial, personal care products, occupancy, unidentified). The commercial category mainly comprises cleaning products, with some contribution from building-related materials such as plasticizers, dyes, and flame retardants. The personal care products category includes emissions from fragrances, sunscreen, etc. The occupancy category includes emissions from human skin or breath. Chemicals were assigned to the unidentified category when we were able to identify a chemically stable elemental formula but were unable to infer a potential structural identity (or when we could not narrow down potential uses of the compounds based on the current literature). These compounds may be fragments of larger analytes which further complicates attempts to infer their molecular identity and/or potential source. The cooking category had the highest contribution (61%) to the organic aerosol molar concentration, followed by the commercial emissions category (10%, presumably primarily cleaning products). This is expected as the distribution is analyzed for a time during which continuous cooking of different Thanksgiving dishes took place over the entire morning and early afternoon period, with some cleaning activity in between.