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Lead Toxicity
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Rokeya Pervin, Md. Akil Hossain, Dipti Debnath, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
The evidence of the effects of chronic exposure of lead to the liver is inadequate. It has been shown in different studies that the inhibition of cytochrome P450 is directed by lead toxicity. But it tends to induce CYP51, a vital enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol, thus raises the level of cholesterol [72]. Lead nitrate also causes the proliferation of liver cells in rats without concomitant liver cell necrosis [30]. It has been suggested that the effects of lead on haem synthesis may affect the functional capacity of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes to metabolize drugs.
Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria in Agricultural Soils
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
Guillermo Bravo, Paulina Vega-Celedón, Constanza Macaya, Ingrid-Nicole Vasconez, Michael Seeger
Tebuconazole (TBZ) is a widely used systemic fungicide (Youness et al. 2018). Its structure is (RS)-1-p-chlorophenyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-pentan-3-ol (Fig. 2). The fungicidal activity of TBZ is based on its capability to target specifically the 14a-demethylase (CYP51), which is a regulatory enzyme of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. Ergosterol plays an essential role in fungal membrane formation, altering its structure and functions such as permeability and fluidity (Desmyttere et al. 2019).
A facile and practical p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed route to dicoumarols and their biological evaluation
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Sadeq M. Al-Hazmy, Donia Bensalah, Najet Aouled Dlala, Younes Bouazizi, Houcine Ghalla, Naceur Hamdi
Additionally, CYP51 is considered the key target enzyme of azole antifungal agents. Exposure of Malassezia species to azole antifungal agents leads to a depletion of ergosterol and an accumulation of 14α-methylated sterols, which interferes with the functions of ergosterol in fungal membranes, disorders the structure of the membrane and other functions, and causes inhibition of fungal growth.