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Cyclodextrin Glycosyl Transferase (CGTase): An Overview of Their Production and Biotechnological Applications
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Industrial Biotechnology, 2017
Rebecca S. Thombre, Pradnya P. Kanekar
The increasing industrialization poses a great threat to the environment because of use of harsh chemicals. Biological enzymes provide a solution to develop an eco-friendly and sustainable process for industrial applications. Enzymes are proteins that are used in food, detergent, paper, leather and other industries. The common enzymes used in industry are amylase, protease, lipase, nuclease, ligase, phytase, cellulase, and xylanase. Horikoshi (1999) expected that production of enzymes used in detergent industry may increase to 60%. However, the major share in the market is of enzymes used in food industry, viz. amylase, pullulanase, pectinase and invertase. Amylases account for 30% of the world’s enzyme production (Sivaramakrishnan et al., 2006). Cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19) is the enzyme that belongs to the amylase family and converts starch into cyclodextrins (CD’s) which are closed-ring structures having six or more glucose units joined by means of α-1, 4 glucosidic bonds. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is a common starch degrading enzyme produced by bacteria.
Biopolymeric nanocarrier: an auspicious system for oral delivery of insulin
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Suchitra Kumari Panigrahy, Awanish Kumar
Breakdown of waxy maize starch by pullulanase synthesize short-chain glucan, could be efficiently used as a novel nanocarrier material [99]. Proanthocyanidins are naturally found in apples, cocoa beans, grape seeds, and maritime pine bark [76,98]. Recently, the tertiary nanocomposites using short-chain glucan, insulin, and proanthocyanidins were successfully fabricated. After oral administration of insulin-containing tertiary nanocomposites using short-chain glucan, proanthocyanidins at a 100 IU/kg dose in diabetic rats, and the level of blood glucose decreased to 36.84% after 3 h with up to 8 h long-lasting hypoglycemic effect [39]. The breakdown of starch or starch derivatives by the bacterial enzyme cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase produces a cyclic oligosaccharide named cyclodextrin [112]. It protects insulin from degradation aggregation, and thermal denaturation and can improve insulin absorption across biological barriers [28]. Cyclodextrin complexed insulin encapsulated mucoadhesive nanoparticles displayed good efficiency of insulin encapsulation and profile of release [81].
Development of a novel Pichia pastoris expression platform via genomic integration of lipase gene for sustained release of methanol from methyloleate
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Amuliya Kashyap, Kuldeep Saini, Meenu Saini, Yogender Pal Khasa, Rani Gupta
γ-Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (γ-CGTase) catalyzes the synthesis of γ-cyclodextrins using various starch substrates, and the product γ-cyclodextrins find wide applicability in food and pharmaceutical industries.[30]γ-CGTase from E. caseinilytica was employed as the second reporter protein to show the applicability of the developed platform in expressing various heterologous proteins using alternate methanol sources such as methyloleate.