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Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated or unsaturated molecules in which three or more carbon atoms are joined to form a ring structure. The saturated compounds are called cycloalkanes, cycloparaffins, or naphthenes. The cyclic hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds are called cycloalkenes or cyclo-olefins. Cyclohexane is the only alicyclic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, and certain synthetic rubbers, and as an extractant of essential oils in the perfume industry. However, most of the cyclohexane produced is used in the manufacturing of nylon. Cyclo-hexene is used in the manufacture of adipic, maleic, and cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Methylcyclohexane is used as a solvent for cellulose ethers and in the production of organic synthetics.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated or unsaturated molecules in which three or more carbon atoms are joined to form a ring structure. The saturated compounds are called cycloalkanes, cycloparaffins, or naphthenes. The cyclic hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds are called cycloalkenes or cyclo-olefins. Cyclohexane is the only alicyclic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, and certain synthetic rubbers, and as an extractant of essential oils in the perfume industry. However, most of the cyclohexane produced is used in the manufacture of nylon. Cyclohexene is used in the manufacture of adipic, maleic, and cyclohexane carboxylic acids. Methylcyclohexane is used as a solvent for cellulose ethers and in the production of organic synthetics.
Nonconjugated Unsymmetrical Dienes
Published in George B. Butler, Cyclopolymerization and Cyclocopolymerization, 2020
A study of the cyclopolymerization characteristics of a number of allyl-substituted cycloalkenes via cationic and metal alkyl coordination initiation was undertaken.22 The results were related to the classical studies on anchimerically assisted reactions of cycloalkene double bonds with neighboring carbocations.46,47 Cyclizations to the extent of 95% in the case of cation initiation was observed whereas a maximum of 80% cyclization was observed in the case of metal alkyl coordination initiation. These results were in accord with the earlier work, and support the “electronic interaction theory” of cyclopolymerization.
Preparation and characterization of polymer retarder for plugging cement slurry
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Jie Feng, Lihui Zheng, Xiaoying Wu, Jing Wu, Yongjin Yu, Long Li, Ming Li
In comparison to previous studies, a new monomer composition, N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL), has been introduced. The ring of N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) is made up of seven carbon atoms and can be polymerized using a radical process in the presence or absence of a solvent.[12,13] The cycloheptane ring has a variety of conformational shapes, none of which can occur in a flat conformation; as a result, a polymer containing NVCL would have higher steric hindrance and, as a result, better thermal resistance.[14] Additionally, because of their thermo-sensitivity and biocompatibility, its polymers have gotten a lot of attention. NVCL is an environment-friendly monomer, since the amide group of NVCL does not produce small amide compounds during hydrolysis, it is ideal for oil-well cementing applications.[12–15] In response to the previously mentioned problems, NVCL, a polycyclic cycloalkene monomer, can make the retarder itself have hydrophobic association property and remarkably improve the high-temperature tackifying ability. Therefore, as the temperature increases, the consistency of cement slurry will not be significantly decreased, and the thermal stability is better.
Compositional data analysis of smoke emissions from debris piles with low-density polyethylene
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
David R. Weise, Heejung Jung, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, David R. Cocker
In order to test the effect of LDPE on the relative amounts of the chemical classes (alkane, alkene, alkyne, cycloalkane, cycloalkene, aldehyde, ketone, diolefin, MAH, PAH), another type of ilr coordinates called compositional balances defined as