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Rheology-Morphology Relationships in Immiscible Polymer Blends
Published in Charef Harrats, Sabu Thomas, Gabriel Groeninckx, Micro- and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems, 2005
Peter Van Puyvelde, Paula Moldenaers
Recently, the effect of compatibilization on various morphological processes in immiscible polymer blends has been studied intensively [for an overview see ref. (12)]. Compatibilizers are either added before blending (physical compatibilization) or are generated by interfacial reactions (reactive compatibilization) during blending (13,14). In this part, we mainly focus on the effects of the compatibilizer on the structural evolution, rather than on the effectiveness of specific compatibilizers or the physical properties of the ultimate compatibilized blends. Hence, the distinction between physical and reactive compatibilization is not essential, although most of the systematic experimental work deals with physically compatibilized blends.
Industrial Polymers
Published in Manas Chanda, Plastics Technology Handbook, 2017
To make an analogy with metals polymer blends are sometimes referred to as polymer alloys. Thus the term alloy has been used to describe miscible or immiscible mixtures of polymers that are usually blended as melts. Another definition often used for a polymer alloy is that it is an immiscible PB having a modified interface and/or morphology. The general relationship between blends and alloys is shown in Figure 4.39. The term compatibilization in the figure refers to a process of modification of interfacial properties (discussed later) of an immiscible PB, leading to the creation of a polymer alloy.
Protein-Based Fillers in Biodegradable Polymer Composites
Published in R. Jumaidin, S.M. Sapuan, H. Ismail, Biofiller-Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites, 2020
K.I. Ku Marsilla, A. Rusli, Z.A.A. Hamid
In practice, polymer composites are said to be compatible if they exhibit two phases on a microscopic level but the interactions between polymer groups might be reasonable in a manner that provides useful properties of the multicomponent system. One of the strategies to improve compatibilization involves the addition of at least one substance with a highly reactive group that can interact with more than one component of the composites [61]. There are two methods for blend compatibilization (Figure 5.3): first the addition of a third component and second, reactive compatibilization.
Biopolymer composites: a review
Published in International Journal of Biobased Plastics, 2021
Basheer Aaliya, Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal Sunooj, Maximilian Lackner
Many studies reported that by fiber incorporation the thermal insulation properties or thermal stability of biopolymer composites can be improved. Recently, the thermal stability of PBAT/PLA composites reinforced with varied natural fibers, wood fibers, wheat husk, rice husk, and textile waste fibers was analyzed by TGA. From the experiment, it was observed that by the addition of natural fibers, the initial degradation temperature decreased [152]. The effect of reactive compatibilization on thermal stability of miscanthus/PHBV biopolymer composites prepared by extrusion and injection molding was determined by Muthuraj et al. [153]. It was found that, by the incorporation of natural fiber and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) there was significant reduction in the onset degradation temperature, along with improvement in tensile and flexural strength of the composites. Similar results on thermal stability was observed in miscanthus fiber-reinforced PBAT composites [154]. Hence, natural fiber-reinforced biopolymer composites can be employed in manufacturing interior parts of aircraft and automobiles. Modification of natural fibers by acrylonitrile grafting and acetylation has demonstrated improvement in thermal stability [38].
Influence of PP-g-MA Compatibilization on the Mechanical and Wear Properties of Polypropylene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2018
Soner Savaş, Ayat Yaseen Al-Obaidi
To the best of our knowledge, except for the above-mentioned properties (mechanical, thermal, rheological, etc.), there have been no reports of studies on the tribological properties of PP/TPU blends. In fact, there are only a few reports concerning the wear properties of blends including TPU (Wang, et al. (15); Chenglong, et al. (16); Poomali, et al. (17); Li, et al. (18); Zhou, et al. (19)). In this work, polymer blends of different weight ratios have been prepared, containing functionalized polymer PP-g-MA of different compositions as the compatibilizer, and processed in an injection molder to form the required samples in order to evaluate the effect of compatibilization on the mechanical and wear properties. Then tensile tests, three-point bending tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted and the relationships between these behaviors was analyzed on the basis of the findings. Finally, the failure mechanisms and wear modes of the blends were identified and discussed. In addition, this work offers a simple analytic model for predicting the wear rate ratios with high repeatability, especially of heterogeneous materials, based on an image processing approach.
Processing of polyethylene terephthalate fiber reinforcement to improve compatibility with constituents of GFRP nanocomposites
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2018
Karanbir Singh, Tarun Nanda, Rajeev Mehta
However, in addition to the above-mentioned methods, the most commonly used methods reported for surface modification of fillers/fibers include incorporation of new functional groups through reaction with a proper chemical (either by silane agents or by maleic anhydride (MAH) grafting) to bring changes in the less-reactive fiber surface [37, 394041], or by blending with other polymers [29, 35]. Silane agents improve the bonding between two dissimilar materials. These agents are multifunctional chemicals in which one end forms a bond with an organic surface and the other end forms a bond with an inorganic surface [39, 40, 42, 43]. However, it is noted that most of the work reported on the silane treatment of fibers relates to the surface modification of glass fibers [39, 41]. There are scant studies [40] reporting on the surface modification of PET fibers using silane treatment. Furthermore, there is no study available in the literature reporting on the use of PET fibers as a second reinforcement, in addition to clay in GFRP nanocomposites. In addition, there is limited work reported on the use of UV-assisted MAH grafting (photo-initiated grafting), which is another very effective process for the compatibilization of polymer fibers through the incorporation of a functional group of MAH. MAH is a poly-functional monomer, which on being grafted to a polymer surface improves its adhesion with polar constituents (viz. epoxy, etc.) of the composite system [37, 44, 45].