China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cardiovascular Disease and Oxidative Stress
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Marco Fernandes, Alisha Patel, Holger Husi
Direct delivery of antioxidants to the mitochondria has been demonstrated with the use of mitoquinone (MitoQ), a compound that mimics the functions of the endogenous coenzyme Q10 (Tables 7.4 and 7.7), which is capable to reduce radical production without damage to the mitochondria, and thus not impacting on the normal/basal electron transport chain process (Smith and Murphy, 2010). In many experimental animal models, it has proven to lessen myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (Dare et al., 2015), metabolic syndrome (Mercer et al., 2012), nitrate-associated endothelial injury (Gioscia-Ryan et al., 2014), hypertension (Graham et al., 2009), liver fibrosis (Rehman et al., 2016) and right ventricular remodelling (Pak et al., 2018). Although in clinical translation it has proven ineffective to ameliorate Parkinson’s disease (Snow et al., 2010), nor in improving hepatitis C long-term infection (Gane et al., 2010) and failed in mitigating physiological adaptions due to endurance exercise (Shill et al., 2016), these trials aid to confirm drug oral safety when administered long-term.
Nanotherapeutics: Enabling Vitamin D3 as a Multifaceted Nutraceutical
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Krantisagar S. More, Vinod S. Ipar, Amit S. Lokhande, Anisha A. D’souza, Padma V. Devarajan
Solid dispersion, comprising of vitamin D3 or its derivatives with cyclodextrin, prepared for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis revealed enhanced stability (Woo et al., 2007). Solid dispersions using lipophilic surfactant D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and SiO2 as solidifier could modify the release and enhance stability of vitamin D3 (Yuan et al., 2013). The β-lactoglobulin (β-lg)/D3 complexes exhibited significantly improved stability at 4°C and when exposed to ultraviolet-C light. Enhanced bioavailability demonstrated in rats suggested application of this complex for the fortification of milk products and low-fat content food (Diarrassouba et al., 2014). Vitamin D3 was successfully protected from oxidative and environmental stress by encapsulation in a matrix of carbohydrates and hydrogenated carbohydrates using a special extrusion technique (Petritz et al., 2006). While a solid dispersion comprising of vitamin D3 or its derivatives with cyclodextrin, enhanced stability (Woo et al., 2007) loss of vitamin D3 was observed when processed at 50°C (Delaurent et al., 1998). Polylactide microspheres of vitamin D3 as a drug model increased the vitamin D3 stability (Pavanetto et al., 1993). Microencapsulation of a combination of multiple functional lipophilic ingredients including tuna oil, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K2, coenzyme Q10, and curcumin prepared by complex coacervation improved oxidative stability index of vitamin D3 (Wang et al., 2015).
Nanotechnology in Functional Foods and Their Packaging
Published in Alok Dhawan, Sanjay Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, Rishi Shanker, Nanobiotechnology, 2018
Satnam Singh, Shivendu Ranjan, Nandita Dasgupta, Chidambaram Ramalingam
The application of nanotechnology in the development of bioactive compounds with good bioavailability increases their stability (by preventing degradation during processing and storage) and solubility. For instance, the absorption and bioavailability of lycopene and reservatrol in the body (Hsieh 2009) can be enhanced by using nanocrystals of these compounds. Very high absorption has been shown in the case of nanoparticulated nutrients that contain calcium nanoparticles, which show an excellent absorption rate (Jeon and Lee 2009). Nanoemulsions can be used to encapsulate functional food components, have great potential, and have received a great deal of attention due to their ability to solubilize lipophilic molecules (e.g., coenzyme Q10, an oil-soluble vitamin-like substance) and enhance their stability and bioavailability (Yu et al. 2009a,b). A comparative study of authorized additives titanium dioxide (TiO2) or E-171 showed high visual transparency with high shielding against UV light when used as nanoscale crystals compared to microsize crystals (Latva-Nirva et al. 2009).
Recycling of sugar industry wastewater for single-cell protein production with supplemental carotenoids
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Chewapat Saejung, Pongsathorn Salasook
PSB are considered as potential microbial producers of vitamin B12, coenzyme Q10, and fatty acids. They are also metabolically versatile, growing under photoautotrophic, chemoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and fermentative conditions [24,25]. Relatively high growth rate in waste materials is an important characteristic of SCP-producing microbes. Besides protein and amino acids, animals consume carotenoids in their daily diet. Therefore, carotenoids are an essential component of high-quality, healthy animal feed. In poultry feed, carotenoids are not only necessary for egg yolk pigmentation, but also provide antioxidants for immunomodulation [26]. They are also assumed essential for the reproduction and fertilisation of aquatic animals. Dietary supplementation by carotenoids can improve the growth rate, survival and flesh colour of the animals [27].
Redox homeostasis in sport: do athletes really need antioxidant support?
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2019
Ambra Antonioni, Cristina Fantini, Ivan Dimauro, Daniela Caporossi
Based on a careful literature research, we selected 35 studies that have analyzed the effect of medium or long-term (≥2 weeks) antioxidants intake on physiological, biochemical and cellular parameters related to training adaptation (e.g. performance outcomes, redox status, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose metabolism) in athletes and/or well-trained people. The studies have been grouped into Table 1 according to the investigated antioxidants: Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin E plus Vitamin C, Quercetin, N-acetylcysteine and Coenzyme Q10. We have reported the number of subjects, supplement duration and the effect on parameters related to adaptation.