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Optical Methods for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Screening
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Robert Bartlett, Gennadi Saiko, Alexandre Yu. Douplik
TcPO2 measurement is a noninvasive test that assesses the partial pressure of oxygen diffusing through the skin. A “Clark electrode” is used to measure oxygen using a platinum cathode and a silver anode covered with a thin membrane permeable to oxygen. The electrode is submerged in a small, ringed, normal saline water bath on intact skin. Voltage is applied to the electrodes, and the oxygen molecules are reduced to water: O2+4e−+4H+→2H2O.
On-Line Monitors
Published in Tadahiro Ohmi, Ultraclean Technology Handbook, 2017
Makoto saito, Masami Miura, Yoshio Senoo, Yoshiki Shibata, Hirotake Shigemi, Toshio Kumagai, Takashi Sasaki, Toshiki Manabe, Seiichi Inagaki, Sankichi Takahashi, Toshihiko Kaneko, Makoto Satoda, Shin’ichi Akazawa, Toshiki Manabe, Akira Yamada
Most dissolved oxygen (DO) meters currently used in the ultrapure water production line employ a membrane electrode developed on the basis of the Clarke electrode. The DO meter has been used for more than 20 years. In this time, it has been modified to meet the requirements of various applications, including the gas-bubbling tower for processing wastewater and the fermentation plant.
A systematic review of diagnostic techniques to determine tissue perfusion in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Kirsten F. Ma, Simone F. Kleiss, Richte C.L. Schuurmann, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Çagdas Ünlü, Jean-Paul P.M. De Vries
TcPo2 is a non-invasive imaging method to quantify skin oxygenation. The Clark electrode that is used is based on amperometry and consists of several components: a voltage source, an electron receiver, an electron donor, an electrolyte solution, and a permeable membrane. The electron donor is placed in the electrolyte solution to produce electrons. The electrode can be heated from 37°C to 45°C on the skin surface, which causes capillaries to dilate and oxygen to be released. The higher the oxygen in the tissue, the more oxygen reacts with the electrons at the electron receiver and Po2 can be measured [31]. TcPo2 has been claimed to predict wound healing and asses PAD [10].