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Impact of Cadmium Toxicity on Environment and Its Remedy
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Pushpa Ruwali, Niharika Pandey, Tanuj Kumar Ambwani, Rahul Vikram Singh
Extensive research depicts that Cd intoxication can be treated with the use of a suitable chelating agent. Chelating agents or chelators are chemical compounds that bind tightly to respective metals. Various clinically accessible chelators, including EDTA, DMPS, DMSA, and BAL are very efficient against chronic intoxication of Cd (Blanusa et al. 2005). But this efficiency is skeptical against acute poisoning, and it may contribute to the damage of the kidney tubules (Nordberg et al. 2007). These chelating agents act by increasing the Cd content in the urine (Tandon et al. 2002). Out of all other chelating agents, EDTA is known to act most effectively and is considered superior to DMSA in mobilizing intracellular cadmium. Sweat, which is excreted during sauna, does contain Cd and becomes a moderately successful method to lower the burden of cadmium on the body (Genuis et al. 2010).
Thermal Nanosensors
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
Why are Europium (III) chelates preferred in this application? Europium (III) chelates display highly temperature-dependent emissions, large Stokes’ shift (the difference between excitation wavelength and emission wavelength), and long lifetime (the average time the molecule stays in its excited state before emitting a photon), which make them strong candidates for fluorescent temperature sensing. A chelate is a chemical compound composed of a metal ion and a chelating agent. A chelating agent is a substance whose molecules can form several bonds to a single metal ion. In other words, a chelating agent is a multidentate ligand, i.e., a ligand capable of donating two or more pairs of electrons in a complexation reaction to form coordinate bonds. The ligand is a molecule, ion, or atom bonded to the central metal atom of a coordination compound.
Metal Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Chelation is the formation of a metal ion complex in which the metal ion is associated with one or more electron donors referred to as a ligand. The ligand may be monodentate, bidentate, or multidentate (i.e., it may attach or coordinate using one or two or more donor atoms). Bidentate ligands form ring structures that include the metal ion and the two ligand atoms that are attached to the metal. The donor molecule is properly referred to as a chelating agent. This term is derived from the Greek chela, for claw.
Effects of Spinel Oxide Combustion Catalysts on the Combustion Behavior and Secondary Atomization Mechanism of Gasoline Droplets
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Rıdvan Küçükosman, Ahmet Alper Yontar, Cumhur Gökhan Ünlü, Kasim Ocakoglu
All spinel oxide NPs were produced using the sol-gel technique. The main steps of the production process are summarized in Figure 1. The quantities of chemicals used for the production of particles are presented in Table 1. A precise balance was used to weigh the raw components for the synthesis in accordance with stoichiometric calculations. In pure water, the metal salts that will make up the components of spinel oxides were dissolved. Then citric acid as a chelating agent and ethylene glycol as a gelling agent were added to the mixture. The role of citric acid here is to bind metals by dissolving them. Chelation is the process of binding ions and molecules to metal ions. Here the citrate ion forms complexes with metallic cations. The resulting mixture was boiled at 200°C in a controlled manner until a viscous residue was formed. The final residue was then dried at 250°C until a dry gel was formed. Finally, the gel was incinerated at 600°C for 12 hours in an atmosphere-open environment to remove organic matter produced during the chemical reaction process.
A review on the efficacy and medicinal applications of metal-based triazole derivatives
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Sajjad Hussain Sumrra, Umme Habiba, Wardha Zafar, Muhammad Imran, Zahid Hussain Chohan
Chelation enhances the biological profile of resistant drugs by incorporating metal ions in their structures [52]. Another series of metal-based triazoles (4a–4d) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial properties against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. flexneri, and S. typhi by petri dish method using Ampicillin (standard drug) to compare bactericidal properties of synthesized compounds (Figure 9). Complexes (inhibition zone range 18–24 mm) exhibited more activity than Schiff bases (zone of inhibition values below 13) due to their enhanced lipophilic character. Among all the complexes, Ni, Co and Zn complexes showed better activity than Pd complexes. Moreover, magnetic moment data and thermogravimetric analyses showed probability of hydrogen bond formation through azomethine nitrogen with the active centers of bacterial cell constituents, thus causing interference of the normal bacterial cell processes [53].
Promises and potential of in situ nano-phytoremediation strategy to mycorrhizo-remediate heavy metal contaminated soils using non-food bioenergy crops (Vetiver zizinoides & Cannabis sativa)
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020
Recent studies to use low-cost plant-based technique of phytoextraction of HMs by plants to remove HM contaminants from agricultural and industrially polluted soils, and from mining wastes, provide evidence that the application of chelating agents increase the solubility and bioavailability of the contaminants and thereby enhancing phytoextraction by plants (Khan et al.2000; Evangelou et al.2007). Ligands between bonding of ions and molecules to metal ions are termed as chelators, chelating agents, or sequestering agents. Chelation is a chemical process in which a substance is used to bind molecules, such as metals and minerals, and hold them tightly. Metal chelation is a powerful strategy to bioremediation of HM contaminated soils and waters. Chelating compounds are secreted by soil microbes, both free living and symbiotic bacteria and fungi and serving to transport HMs across cell membranes. Ali and Vidhale (2013) reported the production of a great variety of siderophores by many bacteria under iron restricted conditions, which chelate iron and supply to bacterial cell by membrane receptor molecules. Roots of some plants also secrete organic chelating compounds and form complexes (Fe pyto-siderophores), which in turn enters the roots of the plant through an iron transporter in the plasma membrane and attribute mainly to the efficiency of acquisition of Fe under conditions of low soil Fe availability (Dotaniya et al.2013).