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Basic Chemical Hazards to Human Health and Safety — I
Published in Jack Daugherty, Assessment of Chemical Exposures, 2020
Vasodilation. The vasodilators cause blood vessels to expand, lowering the blood pressure (hypotension), and, thus, decreasing the supply of blood to the various organs. Acute hypotension causes shock. Chronic hypotension causes lethargy, general weakness, fatigue, dizziness, and faintness. Calcium channel blockers are well-known vasodilators and are used as medicines to counter hypertension (high blood pressure). Gardner discusses the interrelationship of cAMP, prostaglandins, and calcium. When the heart is subject to hypoxia and ischemia, PGI2 and adenosine are released as vasodilating agents.
Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Mona Abdel-Rahman, Amira A. Bauomy, Fatma Elzahraa H. Salem, Mona Ahmed Khalifa
Wyss et al. [27] reported that amiodarone pass into the brain and it has an anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects. Moreover, amiodarone prolonged the sleeping time and behaved as central nervous system depressant drug in pentobarbital-induced sleeping in rat model [28]. Many reports attributed the anticonvulsant activity of amiodarone to its activity as a multiple ion-channel blocker drug which inhibit Na+, Ca2+ inward and K+ outward currents [28,29] . It well known that when action potentials depolarize the plasma membrane of the axon terminal, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is open. This permits Ca2+ to diffuse down its concentration gradient into the cytoplasm, where it stimulates the release of neurotransmitters which stored in synaptic vesicles by exocytosis [30]. Because of the amiodarone is a calcium ion-channel blocker [29]; so the neurotransmitters release is inhibited and as the result their content is increased in brain which may explain the increment in neurotransmitters content in some time intervals in the present study.