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Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Nanomaterials as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Published in Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Covalent Organic Frameworks, 2023
Supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices [1]. They can be applied for applications in mobile electronic equipment and electric vehicles. They exhibit several advantages, such as high power density. The supercapacitor electrodes can be charged via electric double-layer capacitors or pseudocapacitance. EDLCs mechanism depends on electrostatic charge separation at the interface between electrolyte–electrode. On the other hand, the pseudocapacitance mechanism is due to either superficial or multi-electron transfer via Faradic reactions. EDLCs offered high capacitance, while pseudocapacitance offered fast charge-discharge properties. The electroactive materials have been considered the most important component to improve the electrochemical performance compared to other components of a supercapacitor. They are responsible for the energy density, i.e., the amount of energy that can be stored. Several electroactive materials can be used for supercapacitors, including (i) carbon nanomaterials, e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphite, graphene, carbide-derived carbon (CDC), and activated carbons (ACs); (ii) transition metal oxides (TMOs); (iii) transition metal sulfides (TMSs); (iv) metal hydroxides; (v) polymers, e.g., CPs; and (vi) porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or MOFs. Carbon nanomaterials store charge via EDLCs. At the same time, TMOs and conductive polymers store charge via pseudocapacitance mechanism. Combining the two different type, i.e., EDLC and pseudocapacitive offer the advantages of both modes and may advance supercapacitors for high electrochemical performance.
Carbon-Based Materials for Microsupercapacitors
Published in Swamini Chopra, Kavita Pande, Vincent Shantha Kumar, Jitendra A. Sharma, Novel Applications of Carbon Based Nano-Materials, 2023
Alisha Nanwani, Abhay D. Deshmukh
Carbon materials produced by selectively etching metals from metal carbides using chlorine at elevated temperatures are known as carbide-derived carbon (CDC). CDC has shown excellent electrochemical performance as active material in traditional supercapacitors because its microstructure can be tuned precisely by tailoring the synthesis conditions for a particular electrolyte (Huang et al. 2013). CDC is attractive in the domain of microfabricated capacitors due to two reasons. The first reason is the conductive nature of the precursor carbide that can be deposited by well-known physical and chemical deposition techniques (CVD and PVD) as uniform thin and thick films. Next, the chlorination process can be performed at a temperature of about 200°C, and the resulting coatings are well-adhered with a clean and atomically precise interface, which improves the device impedance (Huang et al. 2013).
Flexible and Stretchable Supercapacitors
Published in Soney C George, Sam John, Sreelakshmi Rajeevan, Polymer Nanocomposites in Supercapacitors, 2023
Praveena Malliyil Gopi, Kala Moolepparambil Sukumaran, Essack Mohammed Mohammed
Graphene, CNTs, activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanofibers, carbide-derived carbon, and mesoporous carbon are examples of carbon materials with impressive conductivity and large surface areas that have been commonly used in electrical-double-layer capacitance superconductors. In Pseudocapacitive superconductors, composite materials made up of electrically conductive polymers and carbon nanomaterials are widely used. Polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) [3–4], polyaniline (PANI), and metal oxides like RuO, MnO2, and NiO are some of the examples.
Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of surfactants adsorption from water by carbide-derived carbon
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Ismail W. Almanassra, Viktor Kochkodan, Gordon Mckay, Muataz Ali Atieh, Tareq Al-Ansari
Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) represents a new generation of carbon materials produced by the thermal chlorine treatment of different kinds of carbides such as titanium and silicon carbides.[36] CDC is an amorphous to crystalline carbon-based material, chemically stable with a tunable pore structure. The surface properties of CDC can be changed by varying the processing conditions and the raw material used for its production.[37] The highest surface area reported for CDC was 3116 m2/g,[38] which is higher than for other carbon materials such as activated carbon, biochar and carbon nanotubes. Due to the exceptional surface properties of CDC, it can offer more adsorption sites and provide a higher adsorption capacity of pollutants compared to other adsorbents. As such, CDC has been investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals,[39,40] phosphate,[41] tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate electrolytes,[42] carbon dioxide,[43] acetaldehyde[44] and cytokines.[45] The reported data indicate that CDC could be a promising adsorbent for water treatment applications. However, so far, there are no studies in the literature on the removal of surfactants from water by CDC. It is also worth mentioning that very few studies have investigated the adsorption of different types of surfactants by using the same sorbent[21,31]