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Photovoltaics
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Principles of Solar Engineering, 2023
The crystal structure of the perovskite materials is octahedral, which is similar to the octahedral crystal structure of Calcium Titanate (CaTiO3). CaTiO3 is a mineral that was found in Russia in 1839 and named after the mineralogist, Perovski, and is therefore known as a Perovskite material. Although Calcium Titanate by itself is not of much use other than as a source for titanium, its octahedral crystal structure found in other materials, such as, methylammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbBr3) or methylammonium tin halide (CH3NH3SnI3) has some very attractive properties for solar cells and other applications (Figure 9.20). These materials are known as Perovskites and the solar cells using these materials are known as Perovskite solar cells.
A computational study to explore the effects of copper doping concentration on phase stability, electronic band structure and optical properties of CsSrF3 fluro-perovskite
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
Muhammad Rizwan, Waqar Azam, S. S. A. Gillani, I. Zeba, M. Shakil, S. S. Ali, Riaz Ahmad
In the recent era, due to the fascinating structure of perovskites, their electronic and optical properties have attracted the attention of many researchers, thus leading them to perform many qualitative and quantitative investigations in this regard. Perovskites refer to the materials that have a similar crystal structure to CaTiO3 (Calcium titanate). Gustav Rose discovered the first perovskite in 1839, which was calcium titanate. It was named after Lev Perovski who was a Russian mineralogist [1–3]. The generic formula for perovskite materials is . In this formula A, B are both cations having different sizes, where A is bigger than cation B and anion represented by X, such as oxygen, sulphur, fluorine, and chlorine, which forms bonds with cations. Depending upon the nature of X, the perovskite materials are categorised into oxide-based and halide-based perovskites [4–11]. The photovoltaic materials used in solar energy production are materials based on the perovskites making them promising contender for rapid increase in solar cell efficiency [12–14]. Perovskite materials are utilised in the process of water splitting such as sulphide, phosphates, double and triple metal oxides, and nitride compounds which have been verified for splitting of water [15]. Due to the stability of structure, wide band gap range and optical properties, perovskites materials have multiple applications in photonic devices such as super capacitors, LEDs, rechargeable battery, photo detectors, solar cell, lasers, sensors, and oxygen electrochemistry [16–28].